摘要：主要记录Windows下Maven的环境的搭建（Linux暂时还没有弄、后面补充）、以及不借助IDE工具建立第一个Maven项目、体会一下Maven的结构、以及作用。
a) JDK1.6或者JDK1.7（我这里是JDK1.7）
b) Maven3的压缩包——下载地址：http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi。我下载的是：apache-maven-3.2.1-bin.zip
Maven是要基于jdk的先决条件的、应该先安装jdk、这一步应该没有什么难度。
可以使用下面命令查看JDK是否正确安装：
java–version
echo%JAVA_HOME%
Maven的安装很简单、解压、配置环境变量就OK
a) 将下载的Maven的zip文件解压到指定文件夹、比如我这里的是：C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation
b) 设置环境变量、打开系统属性面板（桌面上右键单击“我的电脑”→“属性”），点击高级系统设置，再点击环境变量，在系统变量中新建一个变量，变量名为M2_HOME，变量值为Maven的安装目录C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache-maven-3.2.1。点击确定，接着在系统变量中找到一个名为Path的变量，在变量值的末尾加上%M2_HOME%\bin;，注意多个值之间需要有分号隔开，然后点击确定。至此，环境变量设置完成。具体如下图：
c) 查看Maven安装情况：
mvn –v
echo %M2_HOME%
如下图输出则安装成功：
Maven的setting.xml文件是Maven的全局配置文件、这里提到是主要修改Maven的本地仓库位置。先做、以后再详细了解各个概念、目前最重要的就是弄个项目出来、看看Maven到底是干嘛的。setting.xml文件位置：C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache-maven-3.2.1\conf
修改setting.xml文件：
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
<!-- localRepository
| The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
|
| Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
<localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
-->
<localRepository>F:/maven/repo</localRepository>红色部分是自己添加的、意思就是Maven会将以后用到的包从中央仓库下载到本地仓库中、以后将我们自己的项目打成的jar包也会放到本地仓库中去、而本地仓库的目录就是F:/maven/repo。
Maven的主配置文件是pom.xml、是放在项目的根目录下的。
Maven的主代码是放在/src/main/java下的。
Maven的测试代码是放在/src/test/java下的。
target是用于存放一些额外信息的。可以自己使用不同的Maven命令查看。
假如我们现在想创建一个HelloWorld、项目名称为helloworld。我的项目放在自己指定的文件夹下：D:\maven
a) 在D:\maven下创建helloworld文件夹
b) 在helloworl文件夹下建立一个pom.xml文件、内容为：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.chy.maven.helloworld</groupId>
<artifactId>helloworld-first</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>Project HelloWorld Maven</name>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.10</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>c) 创建主代码文件夹目录、这里可以使用命令行的形式创建、比如我的HelloWorld.java的包名为：com/chy/helloworld 、可在命令窗口下执行下面命令：md D:\maven\helloworld\src\main\java\com\chy\helloworld
d) 打开上面最后一个helloworld文件夹、创建HelloWorld.java。
e) 创建测试代码目录：同样使用上面形式创建：md D:\maven\helloworld\src\test\java\com\chy\helloworld
f) 打开上面最后一个helloworld文件夹、创建HelloWorldTest.java
完整的项目结构图：
在命令窗口中执行：
mvn compile
D:\maven\helloworld>mvn compile [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] Using the builder org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethrea ded.SingleThreadedBuilder with a thread count of 1 [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building Project HelloWorld Maven 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ helloworld -first --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e . build is platform dependent! [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\maven\helloworld\src\main\resource s [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ helloworld-fi rst --- [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. buil d is platform dependent! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\maven\helloworld\target\classes [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 0.922 s [INFO] Finished at: 2014-04-17T16:41:59+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 12M/247M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
第一次编译、会根据项目中牵扯到的类去中央仓库自动下载jar包到本地仓库。所以比较慢。以后如果还用到相同的jar包、就会直接从本地仓库中取、这样就比较快了。
编译完成之后就会在项目目录下多出一个target文件、此文件夹下会存放执行命令的结果。比如target文件夹下的classes和test-classes会存放src下HelloWorld.java和HelloWorldTest.java的class文件。
在命令窗口中执行：
mvn test
D:\maven\helloworld>mvn test [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] Using the builder org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethrea ded.SingleThreadedBuilder with a thread count of 1 [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building Project HelloWorld Maven 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ helloworld -first --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e . build is platform dependent! [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\maven\helloworld\src\main\resource s [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ helloworld-fi rst --- [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ he lloworld-first --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e . build is platform dependent! [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\maven\helloworld\src\test\resource s [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ hello world-first --- [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. buil d is platform dependent! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\maven\helloworld\target\test-classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ helloworld-first - -- [INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\maven\helloworld\target\surefire-reports ------------------------------------------------------- T E S T S ------------------------------------------------------- Running com.chy.helloworld.HelloWorldTest Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.047 sec Results : Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 1.563 s [INFO] Finished at: 2014-04-17T16:42:42+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 12M/247M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ D:\maven\helloworld>
会先编译、然后进行测试、具体可以观察输出。
在命令窗口执行：
mvn clean install
D:\maven\helloworld>mvn clean install [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] Using the builder org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethrea ded.SingleThreadedBuilder with a thread count of 1 [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building Project HelloWorld Maven 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ helloworld-first --- [INFO] Deleting D:\maven\helloworld\target [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ helloworld -first --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e . build is platform dependent! [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\maven\helloworld\src\main\resource s [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ helloworld-fi rst --- [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. buil d is platform dependent! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\maven\helloworld\target\classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ he lloworld-first --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e . build is platform dependent! [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\maven\helloworld\src\test\resource s [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ hello world-first --- [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. buil d is platform dependent! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\maven\helloworld\target\test-classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ helloworld-first - -- [INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\maven\helloworld\target\surefire-reports ------------------------------------------------------- T E S T S ------------------------------------------------------- Running com.chy.helloworld.HelloWorldTest Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.031 sec Results : Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0 [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ helloworld-first --- [INFO] Building jar: D:\maven\helloworld\target\helloworld-first-1.0-SNAPSHOT.ja r [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ helloworld-first --- [INFO] Installing D:\maven\helloworld\target\helloworld-first-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar t o F:\maven\repo\com\chy\maven\helloworld\helloworld-first\1.0-SNAPSHOT\helloworl d-first-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] Installing D:\maven\helloworld\pom.xml to F:\maven\repo\com\chy\maven\hel loworld\helloworld-first\1.0-SNAPSHOT\helloworld-first-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 2.250 s [INFO] Finished at: 2014-04-17T16:43:26+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 14M/247M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ D:\maven\helloworld>
这条命令相当于执行两个操作、先clean、此时项目文件夹helloworld中的target文件夹就会被清理掉。然后在我们的本地仓库中就可以看到此项目的jar包、F:/maven/com/xxx下面。
Maven的骨架格式是固定的、所以可以直接使用下面命令来创建Maven项目：
D:\maven>mvn archetype:generate
他会让你输入一些信息：
971: remote -> uk.ac.rdg.resc:edal-ncwms-based-webapp(-) Choose a number or apply filter (format:[groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive co ntains): 376: 376 Chooseorg.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart version: 1: 1.0-alpha-1 2: 1.0-alpha-2 3: 1.0-alpha-3 4: 1.0-alpha-4 5: 1.0 6: 1.1 Choose a number: 6: 6 Define value for property ‘groupId‘: :com.chy.helloworld Define value for property ‘artifactId‘: :helloworld-second Define value for property ‘version‘: 1.0-SNAPSHOT: : Define value for property ‘package‘: com.chy.helloworld: : Confirm properties configuration: groupId: com.chy.helloworld artifactId: helloworld-second version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT package: com.chy.helloworld Y: :Y
最后有如下输出、则创建成功：
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- [INFO] Using following parameters forcreating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1 [INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value:com.chy.helloworld [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value:com.chy.helloworld [INFO] Parameter: package, Value:com.chy.helloworld [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value:helloworld-second [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: D:\maven [INFO] Parameter: version, Value:1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] project created from Old (1.x)Archetype in dir: D:\maven\helloworld-seco nd [INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 02:48 min [INFO] Finished at:2014-04-17T16:27:02+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 15M/247M [INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------ D:\maven>
可以到D:\maven文件夹下查看、跟我自动创建的很相似。pom.xml也为我们创建好。自动生成两个java类、
上面的过程需要手动填写很多参数、下面的可以直接将必须参数一次写完、自动生成。
D:\maven>mvnarchetype:create -DgroupId=com.chy.hello -DartifactId=hello-three -Dversion=1.0SNAPSHOT
-D其实是java设置环境变量的一个参数。
到这里mvn命令窗口创建项目就完成了。
起码现在知道Maven不用我们在手动去寻找包、导入包、并且还要特别小心的处理包之间的依赖、它可以自动帮我们完成（当然也要我们配合指定）、可以将我们自己写的项目打成jar包、以后我们想要使用自己生成的jar包就可以这样来弄。
更多内容：maven学习笔记之——目录
maven学习笔记之——maven环境搭建,布布扣,bubuko.com
原文：http://blog.csdn.net/crave_shy/article/details/23943405
