| input | output | 
|---|---|
14  | 
2 4  | 
解析:由N = A + (A + 1) + … + (A + P ? 1)可计算出P的最大值为sqrt(2*n),直接枚举即可。
AC代码:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int n;
int ansa, ansp;
int f(int a, int b){
    return ((b - a + 1) % 2) ? ((b - a) / 2 * (a + b - 1) + b) : ((b - a + 1) / 2 * (a + b));
}
int main(){
    int n;
    while(scanf("%d", &n) != EOF){
        int p = sqrt((double)(2 * n));      //P的最大值
        while(p){
            int a = (2*n / p - (p - 1))>>1;     //通过P,计算A
            if(a && f(a, a + p - 1) == n){
                ansa = a;
                ansp = p;
                break;
            }
            p --;
        }
        printf("%d %d\n", ansa, ansp);
    }
    return 0;
}
URAL 1120. Sum of Sequential Numbers (数学)
原文:http://blog.csdn.net/u013446688/article/details/46582295