计算字符串表达式的值,表达式中只含有(,),+,-,空格和非负整数。例如: 
  “1 + 1” = 2 
  ” 2-1 + 2 ” = 3 
  “(1+(4+5+2)-3)+(6+8)” = 23 
  原文链接:https://leetcode.com/problems/basic-calculator/
  一种思路是按照常规的方法,由中缀表达式转到后缀表达式在进行计算。转换过程如下: 
  依次遍历字符串,做一下操作。
class Solution {
public:
    int GetNum(string poststr,int *i)
    {
        int tmp =0;
        while(poststr[(*i)] >= ‘0‘ && poststr[(*i)] <= ‘9‘)
        {
            tmp = tmp*10 + ( poststr[(*i)] - ‘0‘);
            (*i) ++;
        }
        return tmp;
    }
    int postcal(string poststr)
    {
        stack<int> s;
        int i,a,b,tmp =0;
        for(i=0; i < poststr.length(); i++)
        {
            switch(poststr[i])
            {
                case ‘ ‘:
                    continue;
                case ‘+‘:
                    b = s.top(); s.pop();
                    a = s.top(); s.pop();
                    s.push(a+b);
                    break;
                case ‘-‘:
                    b = s.top(); s.pop();
                    a = s.top(); s.pop();
                    s.push(a-b);
                    break;
                default:
                    s.push(GetNum(poststr,&i));
            }
        }
        return s.top();
    }
    int calculate(string s) {
        int re =0,tmp = 0;
        stack<char> num;
        string poststr="";
        for(int i=0; i < s.length(); i++)
        {
            switch(s[i])
            {
                case ‘(‘:
                    num.push(s[i]); 
                    break;
                case ‘ ‘:
                    continue;
                case ‘)‘:
                    poststr += " ";
                    while(num.top() != ‘(‘)
                    {
                        poststr += num.top();
                        num.pop();
                    }
                    num.pop();
                    break;
                case ‘+‘:
                case ‘-‘:
                    poststr += " ";
                    while(!num.empty() && num.top() != ‘(‘)
                    {
                        poststr +=num.top();
                        num.pop();
                    }
                    num.push(s[i]);
                    break;
                default:
                    poststr += s[i];
            }
            }
        poststr += " ";
        while(!num.empty())
        {
            poststr += num.top();
            num.pop();
        }
        //cout<<poststr<<endl;
        return postcal(poststr);
     }
};
但是这种方法却超时了,头晕。还得好好地再看看,有没有可优化的地方!!!
  由于表达式中只含有括号和加减法运算,我们可以通过加减法的规律对表达式进行化简,然后求值。 
  
class Solution {
public:
    int calculate(string s) {
        stack<int> num;
        num.push(1);
        char op = ‘+‘;        
        long re = 0;
        for (int i=0; i<s.length(); i++) {
            switch(s[i]) {
                case ‘ ‘:
                    break;
                case ‘+‘:
                case ‘-‘:
                    op = s[i];
                    break;
                case ‘(‘:
                    num.push(num.top() * (op == ‘-‘ ? -1 : 1));
                    op = ‘+‘;
                    break;
                case ‘)‘:
                    num.pop();
                    break;
                default:
                    int tmp = 0;
                    while (  s[i] >= ‘0‘ && s[i] <= ‘9‘) {
                        tmp = tmp * 10 + s[i] - ‘0‘;
                        i++;
                    }
                    i--;
                    re += (op == ‘-‘?-1:1)*num.top()*tmp;
            }
        }
        return re;
    }
};原文:http://blog.csdn.net/jeanphorn/article/details/46577143