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canvas学习笔记:小小滴公式,大大滴乐趣

时间:2014-03-18 11:59:45      阅读:436      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

  声明:本文为原创文章,如需转载,请注明来源WAxes,谢谢!

  最近想弄一个网页,把自己学HTML5过程中做的部分DEMO放上去做集合,但是,如果就仅仅做个网页把所有DEMO一个一个排列又觉得太难看了。就想,既然学了canvas,那就来折腾下浏览器,做个小小的开场动画吧。

  开场动画的效果,想了一会,决定用粒子,因为觉得粒子比较好玩。还记得以前我写的第一篇技术博文,就是讲文字图片粒子化的:文字图片粒子化 , 那时就仅仅做的是直线运动,顺便加了一点3D效果。运动公式很简单。所以就想这个开场动画就做的更动感一些吧。

  先上DEMO:http://2.axescanvas.sinaapp.com/demoHome/index.html

  效果是不是比直线的运动更加动感呢?而且也确实很简单,别忘了这篇博文的题目,小小滴公式,大大滴乐趣。要做出这样的效果,用的就仅仅是我们初中。。或者高中时候的物理知识,加速运动,减速运动的公式啦。所以确实是小小滴公式。楼主很喜欢折腾一些酷炫的东西,虽然可能平时工作上用不上,但是,这乐趣确实很让人着迷啊。而且,做下这些也可以加强一下编程的思维能力哈。

  废话不多说,进入主题啦。就简单的解释一下原理吧~~~

  粒子运动的核心代码就这么一点:

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update:function(time){
            this.x += this.vx*time;
            this.y += this.vy*time;

            if(!this.globleDown&&this.y>0){
                var yc = this.toy - this.y;
                var xc = this.tox - this.x;

                this.jl = Math.sqrt(xc*xc+yc*yc);

                var za = 20;

                var ax = za*(xc/this.jl),
                    ay = za*(yc/this.jl),
                    vx = (this.vx+ax*time)*0.97,
                    vy = (this.vy+ay*time)*0.97;

                this.vx = vx;
                this.vy = vy;

            }else {
                var gravity = 9.8;
                var vy = this.vy+gravity*time;

                if(this.y>canvas.height){
                    vy = -vy*0.7;
                }

                this.vy = vy;
            }
        },
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粒子总共有两种状态,一种是自由落体,一种就是受到吸力。自由落体就不说了。说吸力之前先贴出粒子的属性:

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var Dot = function(x,y,vx,vy,tox,toy,color){
        this.x=x;
        this.y=y;
        this.vx=vx;
        this.vy=vy;
        this.nextox = tox;
        this.nextoy = toy;
        this.color = color;
        this.visible = true;
        this.globleDown = false;
        this.setEnd(tox , toy);
    }

setEnd:function(tox , toy){
    this.tox = tox;
    this.toy = toy;
    var yc = this.toy - this.y;
    var xc = this.tox - this.x;
},

 
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x,y就是粒子的位置,vx是粒子水平速度,vy是粒子的垂直速度,nexttox之类知不知道都无所谓,只是暂时保存变量的。tox,和toy就是粒子的目的地位置。

首先,先给予所有粒子一个目的地,这个目的地下面再会说。也就是要粒子到达的地方,然后再定义一个变量za作为加速度,具体数值的话,就自己多测试下就会有大概参数的了,我设成20,感觉就差不多了。za是粒子和目的地之间连线的加速度,所以,我们通过粒子的位置和目的地的位置,通过简单的三角函数,就可以把粒子的水平加速度和垂直加速度求出来了,就这段

 var ax = za*(xc/this.jl),
  ay = za*(yc/this.jl),

有了水平加速度和垂直加速度后,接下来就更简单了,直接计算水平速度和垂直速度的增量,从而改变水平速度和垂直速度的值

vx = (this.vx+ax*time)*0.97,
vy = (this.vy+ay*time)*0.97;

之所以要乘于0.97是为了模拟能量损耗,粒子才会减速。time是每一帧的时间差

计算出速度后就更新粒子位置就行了。

 this.x += this.vx*time;
 this.y += this.vy*time;

因为粒子在飞行过程中,与目的地之间的连线方向是不停改变的,所以每一帧都要重新计算粒子的水平加速度和垂直加速度。

运动原理就是如此,是否很简单呢。

  运动原理说完了,再扯一下上面那个动画的具体实现吧:动画初始化,在一个离屏canvas上把想要的字或者图片画出来,然后再通过getImageData这个方法获取离屏canvas的像素。然后用一个循环,把离屏canvas中有绘制的区域找出来,因为imageData里的data值就是一个rgba数组,所以我们判断最后一个的值也就是透明度大于128就是有绘制过的区域。然后获取该区域的xy值,为了防止粒子对象过多导致页面卡顿,所以我们就限制一下粒子的数量,取像素的时候x值和y值每次递增2,从而减少粒子数量

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this.osCanvas = document.createElement("canvas");
        var osCtx = this.osCanvas.getContext("2d");

        this.osCanvas.width = 1000;
        this.osCanvas.height = 150;

        osCtx.textAlign = "center";
        osCtx.textBaseline = "middle";
        osCtx.font="70px 微软雅黑,黑体 bold";
        osCtx.fillStyle = "#1D181F"
        osCtx.fillText("WelCome" , this.osCanvas.width/2 , this.osCanvas.height/2-40);
        osCtx.fillText("To wAxes‘ HOME" , this.osCanvas.width/2 , this.osCanvas.height/2+40);
        var bigImageData = osCtx.getImageData(0,0,this.osCanvas.width,this.osCanvas.height);

        dots = [];

        for(var x=0;x<bigImageData.width;x+=2){
            for(var y=0;y<bigImageData.height;y+=2){
                var i = (y*bigImageData.width + x)*4;
                if(bigImageData.data[i+3]>128){
                    var dot = new Dot(
                        Math.random()>0.5?Math.random()*20+10:Math.random()*20+canvas.width-40,
                        -Math.random()*canvas.height*2,
                        0,
                        0,
                        x+(canvas.width/2-this.osCanvas.width/2),
                        y+(canvas.height/2-this.osCanvas.height/2),
                        "rgba("+bigImageData.data[i]+","+bigImageData.data[i+1]+","+bigImageData.data[i+2]+",1)"
                    );
                    dot.setEnd(canvas.width/2,canvas.height/2)
                    dots.push(dot);
                }
            }
        }
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通过循环获取到粒子的位置xy值后,把位置赋给粒子,成为粒子的目的地。然后动画开始,就可以做出文字图片粒子化的效果了。

  下面贴出动画实现的js代码。如果对其他代码也有兴趣的,可以直接看控制台哈,没压缩的。

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var part_1 = (function(w){
    var dots = [],DOT_SIZE = 2,cube=null;

    var Dot = function(x,y,vx,vy,tox,toy,color){
        this.x=x;
        this.y=y;
        this.vx=vx;
        this.vy=vy;
        this.nextox = tox;
        this.nextoy = toy;
        this.color = color;
        this.visible = true;
        this.globleDown = false;
        this.setEnd(tox , toy);
    }

    Dot.prototype = {
        paint:function(){
            ctx.fillStyle=this.color;
            ctx.fillRect(this.x-DOT_SIZE/2 , this.y-DOT_SIZE/2 , DOT_SIZE , DOT_SIZE);
        },

        setEnd:function(tox , toy){
            this.tox = tox;
            this.toy = toy;
            var yc = this.toy - this.y;
            var xc = this.tox - this.x;
            // this.initjl = Math.sqrt(xc*xc+yc*yc);
        },

        update:function(time){
            this.x += this.vx*time;
            this.y += this.vy*time;

            if(!this.globleDown&&this.y>0){
                var yc = this.toy - this.y;
                var xc = this.tox - this.x;

                this.jl = Math.sqrt(xc*xc+yc*yc);

                var za = 20;

                var ax = za*(xc/this.jl),
                    ay = za*(yc/this.jl),
                    vx = (this.vx+ax*time)*0.97,
                    vy = (this.vy+ay*time)*0.97;

                this.vx = vx;
                this.vy = vy;

                // if(Math.abs(this.vx)<1&&Math.abs(this.vy)<1){
                //     this.y = this.toy
                //     this.x = this.tox
                // }
            }else {
                var gravity = 9.8;
                var vy = this.vy+gravity*time;

                if(this.y>canvas.height){
                    vy = -vy*0.7;
                }

                this.vy = vy;
            }
        },

        loop:function(time){
            this.update(time);
            this.paint();
        }
    }

    

    var animate = function(){
        this.state = "before"
    }

    var ap = animate.prototype;

    ap.init = function(){
        this.osCanvas = document.createElement("canvas");
        var osCtx = this.osCanvas.getContext("2d");

        this.osCanvas.width = 1000;
        this.osCanvas.height = 150;

        osCtx.textAlign = "center";
        osCtx.textBaseline = "middle";
        osCtx.font="70px 微软雅黑,黑体 bold";
        osCtx.fillStyle = "#1D181F"
        osCtx.fillText("WelCome" , this.osCanvas.width/2 , this.osCanvas.height/2-40);
        osCtx.fillText("To wAxes‘ HOME" , this.osCanvas.width/2 , this.osCanvas.height/2+40);
        var bigImageData = osCtx.getImageData(0,0,this.osCanvas.width,this.osCanvas.height);

        dots = [];

        for(var x=0;x<bigImageData.width;x+=2){
            for(var y=0;y<bigImageData.height;y+=2){
                var i = (y*bigImageData.width + x)*4;
                if(bigImageData.data[i+3]>128){
                    var dot = new Dot(
                        Math.random()>0.5?Math.random()*20+10:Math.random()*20+canvas.width-40,
                        -Math.random()*canvas.height*2,
                        0,
                        0,
                        x+(canvas.width/2-this.osCanvas.width/2),
                        y+(canvas.height/2-this.osCanvas.height/2),
                        "rgba("+bigImageData.data[i]+","+bigImageData.data[i+1]+","+bigImageData.data[i+2]+",1)"
                    );
                    dot.setEnd(canvas.width/2,canvas.height/2)
                    dots.push(dot);
                }
            }
        }
        console.log(dots.length)
    }

    ap.changeState = function(){
        var osCtx = this.osCanvas.getContext("2d");
        osCtx.clearRect(0,0,this.osCanvas.width,this.osCanvas.height);
        this.osCanvas.width = 460;
        this.osCanvas.height = 100;

        osCtx.fillStyle="#5C5656"
        osCtx.fillRect(20,20,60,60)

        drawLogo(this.osCanvas , osCtx);

        var bigImageData = osCtx.getImageData(0,0,this.osCanvas.width,this.osCanvas.height);

        var index=0;
        dots.sort(function(a , b){
            return Math.random()-Math.random();
        })
        for(var x=0;x<bigImageData.width;x+=2){
            for(var y=0;y<bigImageData.height;y+=2){
                var i = (y*bigImageData.width + x)*4;
                if(bigImageData.data[i+3]>128){
                        var d = dots[index];
                        if(d){
                            d.setEnd(x+(canvas.width/2-300) , y+50)
                            d.color = "rgba("+bigImageData.data[i]+","+bigImageData.data[i+1]+","+bigImageData.data[i+2]+",1)";
                            index++
                        }
                }
            }
        }

        setTimeout(function(){
            var endindex = index;
            for(var i=0;i<dots.length-endindex;i++){
                if(dots[index]){
                    var d = dots[index];
                    
                    d.globleDown = true;
                    d.vx = Math.random()*100-50;
                }
                index++;
            }
        } , 2000)
    }


    function endState(){
        canvas.width = 600;
        canvas.height = 100;
        canvas.style.display="block";
        canvas.style.top = "50px";
        canvas.style.left = (window.innerWidth-canvas.width)/2+"px";
        cube = new Cube(50);
        cube._initVector(50,50);
    }

    function drawLogo(canvas , ctx){
        ctx.textAlign = "center";
        ctx.textBaseline = "middle";
        ctx.font="65px 微软雅黑,黑体 bold"
        ctx.fillStyle="#E06D2F"
        ctx.fillText("DEMO" , 300 , canvas.height/2)

        ctx.font="40px 微软雅黑,黑体 bold"
        ctx.fillStyle="#405159"
        ctx.fillText("吖猩的" , 160 , canvas.height/2)
        ctx.fillText("小窝" , 420 , canvas.height/2)
    }

    var num = 0;
    ap.update = function(time){
        time = time/100;
        if(this.state==="first"||this.state==="before"){
            var completeNum = 0;
            dots.forEach(function(dot){
                if(dot.visible) dot.loop(time);
                if(dot.jl<5){
                    completeNum++
                }
            });
            if(completeNum>=5*dots.length/6){
                
                if(this.state==="before"){
                    this.state = "first";
                    dots.forEach(function(dot){
                        dot.setEnd(dot.nextox , dot.nextoy);
                    });
                }else {
                    this.state = "second";
                    this.changeState();
                }
            }
        }else if(this.state==="second"){
            var completeNum = 0,
                allnum = 0;
            dots.forEach(function(dot){
                if(dot.visible) dot.loop(time);
                if(dot.globleDown){
                    allnum++;
                    if(Math.abs(dot.y-canvas.height)<2){
                        completeNum++
                    }
                }
            });

            if(completeNum===allnum&&allnum!==0){
                this.state = "third";
                part_2.animate();
                endState();
            }
        }else if(this.state==="third"){
            cube.update();
            drawLogo(canvas , ctx);
        }
    }

    return new animate();
})(window)
View Code

canvas学习笔记:小小滴公式,大大滴乐趣,布布扣,bubuko.com

canvas学习笔记:小小滴公式,大大滴乐趣

原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/axes/p/3606566.html

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