PS:本程序并不包含视频转码的功能。
RTMP推流器(Streamer)的在流媒体系统中的作用可以用下图表示。首先将视频数据以RTMP的形式发送到流媒体服务器端(Server,比如FMS,Red5,Wowza等),然后客户端(一般为Flash Player)通过访问流媒体服务器就可以收看实时流了。
运行本程序之前需要先运行RTMP流媒体服务器,并在流媒体服务器上建立相应的Application。有关流媒体服务器的操作不在本文的论述范围内,在此不再详述。本程序运行后,即可通过RTMP客户端(例如 Flash Player, FFplay等等)收看推送的直播流。
发送流媒体的数据的时候需要延时。不然的话,FFmpeg处理数据速度很快,瞬间就能把所有的数据发送出去,流媒体服务器是接受不了的。因此需要按照视频实际的帧率发送数据。本文记录的推流器在视频帧与帧之间采用了av_usleep()函数休眠的方式来延迟发送。这样就可以按照视频的帧率发送数据了,参考代码如下。
//帧延时 if (pkt.stream_index == videoindex) { AVRational time_base = ifmt_ctx->streams[videoindex]->time_base; AVRational time_base_q = { 1, AV_TIME_BASE }; int64_t pts_time = av_rescale_q(pkt.pts, time_base, time_base_q); //显示的时间 int64_t now_time = av_gettime() - start_time; if (pts_time > now_time) av_usleep(pts_time - now_time); }
//设置 PTS if (pkt.pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) { //原始两帧之间的时间 int64_t calc_duration = (double)AV_TIME_BASE / av_q2d(ifmt_ctx->streams[videoindex]->r_frame_rate); //设置一帧的时间参数 AVRational time_base1 = ifmt_ctx->streams[videoindex]->time_base; pkt.pts = (double)(frame_index*calc_duration) / (double)(av_q2d(time_base1)*AV_TIME_BASE); pkt.dts = pkt.pts; pkt.duration = (double)calc_duration / (double)(av_q2d(time_base1)*AV_TIME_BASE); }
#include <stdio.h> #define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS #ifdef _WIN32 //Windows extern "C" { #include "libavformat/avformat.h" #include "libavutil/mathematics.h" #include "libavutil/time.h" }; #else //Linux... #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif #include <libavformat/avformat.h> #include <libavutil/mathematics.h> #include <libavutil/time.h> #ifdef __cplusplus }; #endif #endif int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { AVFormatContext *ifmt_ctx = NULL, *ofmt_ctx = NULL; //输入对应一个AVFormatContext,输出对应一个AVFormatContext AVOutputFormat *ofmt = NULL; AVPacket pkt; const char *in_filename, *out_filename; int ret, i; int videoindex = -1; int frame_index = 0; int64_t start_time = 0; in_filename = "cuc_ieschool.flv";//输入URL out_filename = "rtmp://192.168.3.189:1935/oflaDemo/hkfystream";//输出 URL[RTMP] //【1】 注册 av_register_all(); //Network avformat_network_init(); //【2】 打开输入输入文件,获取视频索引号 if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&ifmt_ctx, in_filename, 0, 0)) < 0) { printf("Could not open input file."); goto end; } if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(ifmt_ctx, 0)) < 0) { printf("Failed to retrieve input stream information"); goto end; } for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) { if (ifmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) { videoindex = i; break; } } // 输出输入文件的格式信息 av_dump_format(ifmt_ctx, 0, in_filename, 0); //【3】新建输出RTMP流的格式内容信息 avformat_alloc_output_context2(&ofmt_ctx, NULL, "flv", out_filename); //RTMP if (!ofmt_ctx) { printf("Could not create output context\n"); ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN; goto end; } ofmt = ofmt_ctx->oformat; for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) { //根据输入流创建输出流 AVStream *in_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[i]; AVStream *out_stream = avformat_new_stream(ofmt_ctx, in_stream->codec->codec); if (!out_stream) { printf("Failed allocating output stream\n"); ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN; goto end; } //复制AVCodecContext的设置 ret = avcodec_copy_context(out_stream->codec, in_stream->codec); if (ret < 0) { printf("Failed to copy context from input to output stream codec context\n"); goto end; } // 添加全局头信息 out_stream->codec->codec_tag = 0; if (ofmt_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) out_stream->codec->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER; } // 输出输出RTMP文件的格式信息 av_dump_format(ofmt_ctx, 0, out_filename, 1); //【4】打开输出URL if (!(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) { ret = avio_open(&ofmt_ctx->pb, out_filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE); if (ret < 0) { printf("Could not open output URL '%s'", out_filename); goto end; } } //写文件头 ret = avformat_write_header(ofmt_ctx, NULL); if (ret < 0) { printf("Error occurred when opening output URL\n"); goto end; } //【5】写入视音频帧 start_time = av_gettime(); while (1) { AVStream *in_stream, *out_stream; //获取一个AVPacket ret = av_read_frame(ifmt_ctx, &pkt); if (ret < 0) break; //设置 PTS if (pkt.pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) { //原始两帧之间的时间 int64_t calc_duration = (double)AV_TIME_BASE / av_q2d(ifmt_ctx->streams[videoindex]->r_frame_rate); //设置一帧的时间参数 AVRational time_base1 = ifmt_ctx->streams[videoindex]->time_base; pkt.pts = (double)(frame_index*calc_duration) / (double)(av_q2d(time_base1)*AV_TIME_BASE); pkt.dts = pkt.pts; pkt.duration = (double)calc_duration / (double)(av_q2d(time_base1)*AV_TIME_BASE); } //帧延时 if (pkt.stream_index == videoindex) { AVRational time_base = ifmt_ctx->streams[videoindex]->time_base; AVRational time_base_q = { 1, AV_TIME_BASE }; int64_t pts_time = av_rescale_q(pkt.pts, time_base, time_base_q); //显示的时间 int64_t now_time = av_gettime() - start_time; if (pts_time > now_time) av_usleep(pts_time - now_time); } in_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[pkt.stream_index]; out_stream = ofmt_ctx->streams[pkt.stream_index]; //转换PTS/DTS pkt.pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(pkt.pts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX)); pkt.dts = av_rescale_q_rnd(pkt.dts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX)); pkt.duration = av_rescale_q(pkt.duration, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base); pkt.pos = -1; //Print to Screen if (pkt.stream_index == videoindex) { printf("Send %8d video frames to output URL\n", frame_index); frame_index++; } ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, &pkt); if (ret < 0) { printf("Error muxing packet\n"); break; } av_free_packet(&pkt); } //【5】写文件尾 av_write_trailer(ofmt_ctx); end: avformat_close_input(&ifmt_ctx); //【6】 关闭输出 if (ofmt_ctx && !(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) avio_close(ofmt_ctx->pb); avformat_free_context(ofmt_ctx); if (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR_EOF) { printf("Error occurred.\n"); return -1; } return 0; }
程序开始运行后,可以通过网页播放器播放推送的直播流。
例如下图所示,使用Flash Media Server 的Samples文件夹下的videoPlayer播放直播流的截图如下图所示。(直播地址:rtmp://1925.168.3.189/oflaDemo/hkfystream)
http://download.csdn.net/detail/aoshilang2249/8538753
参考:http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/category/1362941
原文:http://blog.csdn.net/aoshilang2249/article/details/44674971