>>>sys.executable ‘/usr/bin/python‘
>>>sys.platform ‘darwin‘
>>>sys.version ‘2.7.2 (default, Jun 16 2012, 12:38:40) \n[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple Clang 4.0 (tags/Apple/clang-418.0.60)]‘ >>>sys.version_info sys.version_info(major=2, minor=7, micro=2, releaselevel=‘final‘, serial=0)
>>>sys.maxint 9223372036854775807
>>>sys.argv [‘/usr/local/bin/ipython‘]
>>>sys.path [‘‘, ‘/usr/local/bin‘, ‘/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python27.zip‘, ‘/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7‘, ‘/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin‘, ‘/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac‘, ‘/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages‘, ‘/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python‘, ‘/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk‘, ‘/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-old‘, ‘/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload‘, ‘/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/PyObjC‘, ‘/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages‘, ‘/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/IPython/extensions‘]
>>>dir(sys) [‘__displayhook__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__excepthook__‘, ‘__name__‘, ‘__package__‘, ‘__stderr__‘, ‘__stdin__‘, ‘__stdout__‘, ‘_clear_type_cache‘, ‘_current_frames‘, ‘_getframe‘, ‘_mercurial‘, ‘api_version‘, ‘argv‘, ‘builtin_module_names‘, ‘byteorder‘, ‘call_tracing‘, ‘callstats‘, ‘copyright‘, ‘displayhook‘, ‘dont_write_bytecode‘, ‘exc_clear‘, ‘exc_info‘, ‘exc_type‘, ‘excepthook‘, ‘exec_prefix‘, ‘executable‘, ‘exit‘, ‘exitfunc‘, ‘flags‘, ‘float_info‘, ‘float_repr_style‘, ‘getcheckinterval‘, ‘getdefaultencoding‘, ‘getdlopenflags‘, ‘getfilesystemencoding‘, ‘getprofile‘, ‘getrecursionlimit‘, ‘getrefcount‘, ‘getsizeof‘, ‘gettrace‘, ‘hexversion‘, ‘last_traceback‘, ‘last_type‘, ‘last_value‘, ‘long_info‘, ‘maxint‘, ‘maxsize‘, ‘maxunicode‘, ‘meta_path‘, ‘modules‘, ‘path‘, ‘path_hooks‘, ‘path_importer_cache‘, ‘platform‘, ‘prefix‘, ‘ps1‘, ‘ps2‘, ‘ps3‘, ‘py3kwarning‘, ‘setcheckinterval‘, ‘setdlopenflags‘, ‘setprofile‘, ‘setrecursionlimit‘, ‘settrace‘, ‘stderr‘, ‘stdin‘, ‘stdout‘, ‘subversion‘, ‘version‘, ‘version_info‘, ‘warnoptions‘]
>>>dir(str) [‘__add__‘, ‘__class__‘, ‘__contains__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__eq__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__ge__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__getitem__‘, ‘__getnewargs__‘, ‘__getslice__‘, ‘__gt__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__le__‘, ‘__len__‘, ‘__lt__‘, ‘__mod__‘, ‘__mul__‘, ‘__ne__‘, ‘__new__‘, ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__rmod__‘, ‘__rmul__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘, ‘_formatter_field_name_split‘, ‘_formatter_parser‘, ‘capitalize‘, ‘center‘, ‘count‘, ‘decode‘, ‘encode‘, ‘endswith‘, ‘expandtabs‘, ‘find‘, ‘format‘, ‘index‘, ‘isalnum‘, ‘isalpha‘, ‘isdigit‘, ‘islower‘, ‘isspace‘, ‘istitle‘, ‘isupper‘, ‘join‘, ‘ljust‘, ‘lower‘, ‘lstrip‘, ‘partition‘, ‘replace‘, ‘rfind‘, ‘rindex‘, ‘rjust‘, ‘rpartition‘, ‘rsplit‘, ‘rstrip‘, ‘split‘, ‘splitlines‘, ‘startswith‘, ‘strip‘, ‘swapcase‘, ‘title‘, ‘translate‘, ‘upper‘, ‘zfill‘]
>>>callable(len) True >>>callable(os) False >>>class A: .....: def __init__(self): .....: self.a = ‘apple‘ .....: >>>callable(A) True >>>a = A() >>>callable(a) False >>>class B: .....: def __init__(self): .....: self.b = ‘banana‘ .....: def __call__(self): .....: self.c = ‘orange‘ .....: >>>instantB = B() >>>callable(instantB) True
class A:
def __init__(self):
self.name = ‘my name is a‘
def method(self):
print "method print"
a = A()
print hasattr(a,‘name‘) #true print hasattr(a,‘age‘) #false
print getattr(a, ‘name‘, ‘default‘) #如果有属性name则打印name，否则打印default print getattr(a, ‘age‘, ‘default‘) #如果有属性age则打印age，否则打印default print getattr(a, ‘method‘, ‘default‘) #如果有方法method，否则打印其地址，否则打印default print getattr(a, ‘method‘, ‘default‘)() #如果有方法method，运行函数并打印None否则打印default
setattr(a,‘age‘,12) print getattr(a,‘age‘,10) #12
原文：http://blog.csdn.net/trochiluses/article/details/20209593