本章内容:
●    学习如何进阶使用UITableView,带给应用更高级的观感(look and feel)
● 学习如何开发自己定制的UITableView类,模仿iMessage应用的观感
● 为一个基于分组的UITableView实现下钻逻辑
在iOS应用中呈现数据时,UITableView可能是最经常使用的用户界面对象。在本章中,将学习到以超越标准实现的方式使用UITableView,并理解UITableView类的工作方式。你会创建一个聊天视图控制器,它支持定制的单元格和灵活的行高,以及下钻功能的实现,能够将多个对象的多个分类进行分组,从而生成一个高级的用户界面。最后,你会为表格视图的实现添加搜索功能。
UITableView直接继承于UIScrollView类,从而给它带来直向(译者注:横向和纵向)滚动的能力。当想要使用UITableView时,必须首先创建UITableView类的实例,将它指向UIView控件而使其可见,并且建立一个datasource对象和一个负责与UITableView进行交互的delegate对象。
每一个UITableView都需要datasource和delegate这两个对象。datasource对象为UITableView提供数据。通常,datasource对象使用NSArray类或者NSDictionary类在内部存储数据,并且根据需要将数据提供给表视图。delegate对象必须实现UITableViewDelegate和UITableViewDataSource这两个协议。
UITableViewDelegate协议定义了几个方法,delegate对象需要实现其中至少三个方法。
delegate对象必须实现的方法有:
● tableview:numberOfRowsInSection:
● numberOfSectionsInTableView:
● tableview:cellForRowAtIndexPath:
启动Xcode开发环境,使用Single View ApplicationProject模板创建新项目,并使用如图2-1中所示的配置将其命名为PlainTable。
图1
使用Interface Builder工具打开YDViewController.xib文件,并将一个UITableView控件添加到该窗口中。使用Assistant Editor工具为这个UITableView控件创建一个属性。也需要设置Referencing Outlets一栏中的datasource和delegate指向UITableView对象。确保YDViewController.xib文件看起来如图2-2中所示。
图2
打开YDViewController.h文件,创建名为rowData的NSMutableArray对象充当datasource,如代码清单2-1中所示。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-1 Chapter2/PlainTable/YDViewController.h #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @interface YDViewController : UIViewController @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITableView *mTableView; @property(nonatomic,strong) NSMutableArray* rowData; @end </span>
打开YDViewController.m文件,实现如代码清单2-2中所示的代码,关于这段代码,会在代码清单后详细说明。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-2  Chapter2/PlainTable/YDViewController.m
#import "YDViewController.h"
@interface YDViewController ()
@end
@implementation YDViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    [self loadData];
}
-(void)loadData
{
    if (self.rowData!=nil)
        {
        [self.rowData removeAllObjects];
        self.rowData=nil;
        
        }
    self.rowData = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    for (int i=0 ; i<100;i++)
        {
        [self.rowData addObject:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Row: %i",i]];
        }
    //now my datasource if populated let's reload the tableview
    [self.mTableView reloadData];
}
#pragma mark UITableView delegate
- (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView {
    return 1;
}
- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView 
    numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    
   return [self.rowData count];
}
- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView 
     cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell";
    UITableViewCell *cell = (UITableViewCell *)[tableView 
        dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier];
    if (cell == nil) {
        cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault 
                 reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier];
    }
    cell.selectionStyle = UITableViewCellSelectionStyleNone;
    cell.textLabel.text = [self.rowData objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
    return cell;
}
-(void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:
       (NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    [tableView deselectRowAtIndexPath:indexPath animated:YES];
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
@end
</span>下面对这段代码进行分解,向你解释代码中各方法的作用。
在viewDidLoad方法中,调用了本地方法loadData,该方法创建了一个带有100个记录的NSMutableArray对象,并将reloadData消息发送给self.mTableView对象。
reloadData方法迫使mTableView对象通过调用delegate方法重新加载数据,并更新用户界面。
在#pragma mark UITableView delegate标记语句之后,需要实现表视图运行所必须的delegate对象的最小方法集合。
调用numberOfSectionsInTableView: 这个delegate方法来决定UITableView控件的section的数量。如果使用UITableViewStylePlain风格,UITableView控件的section数通常是1。后面将会学习到带有下钻功能的例子,如果使用例子中那种风格的section,则需要返回实际的section的数量。
当渲染单元格时,会调用tableview:cellForRowAtIndexPath:这个delegate方法。这个方法恰好是布局UITableViewCell的地方(UITableView中的一行)。现在,先简单地创建一个UITableviewCell,如果单元格仍然可用的话,试着在内存中重用它。
为了显示rowData数组中的正确的行,需要将[rowData objectAtIndex :indexPath.row];方法的返回值赋给cell.textLabel.text属性。
当用户以单击某行的方式选择该行时,会调用tableview:didSelectRowAtIndexPath:这个delegate方法。deselectRowAtIndexPath:animated:的delegate方法会取消这一行的选择,因此单元格不会保持高亮的状态。
如果想要保持选择状态仍然可见,那么请省略这行代码。
当应用运行时,结果如图2-3中所示。
由于UITableView对象继承于UIScrollView类,因此它本身拥有完全的滚动功能。然而,在某些情况下,例如在UITableView中添加一个新行,或者删除一行时,可能要直接滚动到UITableView中的某个位置。
可以通过调用UITableView的scrollToRowAtIndexPath:atScrollPosition:animated:方法,获得UITableView上基于代码的滚动效果。这个方法传入的第一个参数是NSIndexPath类型的对象。NSIndexPath对象表示到嵌套数组集合树上的某一特定节点的路径。这个路径称为索引路径。在iOS应用中,用NSIndexPath对象来确定到表格视图内的行和section的路径。调用NSIndexPath类的indexPathForRow:inSection:方法,传入行和section的索引数字,通过这种方式可以创建NSIndexPath的实例。
启动Xcode开发环境,使用SingleView Application Project模板创建一个新项目,并使用如图2-4中所示的配置,将其命名为ScrollingTable。
使用Interface Builder工具打开YDViewController.xib文件,创建一个用户界面,如图2-5中所示。
如代码清单2-3中所示,建立YDViewController.h文件。作为前一个例子的补充,为引入的两个UIButton添加两个动作。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-3 Chapter2/ScrollingTable/YDViewController.h #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @interface YDViewController : UIViewController @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITableView *mTableView; @property(nonatomic,strong) NSMutableArray* rowData; - (IBAction)scrollToTop:(UIButton *)sender; - (IBAction)scrollToBottom:(UIButton *)sender; @end </span>
YDViewController.m文件的实现与前面的代码清单2-2中的类似,唯一的区别在于此时scrollToTop:和scrollToBottom:这两个方法的实现如代码清单2-4中所示。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-4  Chapter2/ScrollingTable/YDViewController.m
#import "YDViewController.h"
@interface YDViewController ()
@end
@implementation YDViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    [self loadData];
}
-(void)loadData
{
    if (self.rowData!=nil)
        {
        [self.rowData removeAllObjects];
        self.rowData=nil;
        
        }
    self.rowData = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    for (int i=0 ; i<100;i++)
        {
        [self.rowData addObject:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Row: %i",i]];
        }
    //now my datasource if populated let's reload the tableview
    [self.mTableView reloadData];
}
#pragma mark UITableView delegates
- (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView {
    return 1;
}
- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView 
    numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    
    return [self.rowData count];
}
- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView 
    cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell";
    UITableViewCell *cell = (UITableViewCell *)[tableView 
     dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier];
    if (cell == nil) {
        cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault 
                 reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier];
    }
    cell.selectionStyle = UITableViewCellSelectionStyleNone;
    cell.textLabel.text = [self.rowData objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
    return cell;
}
-(void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:
   (NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    [tableView deselectRowAtIndexPath:indexPath animated:YES];
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
- (IBAction)scrollToTop:(UIButton *)sender
{
    NSIndexPath *topRow = [NSIndexPath indexPathForRow:0 inSection:0];
    [self.mTableView scrollToRowAtIndexPath:topRow 
     atScrollPosition:UITableViewScrollPositionTop animated:YES];
}
- (IBAction)scrollToBottom:(UIButton *)sender
{
    NSIndexPath *bottomRow = [NSIndexPath indexPathForRow:
      [self.rowData count]-1 inSection:0];
    [self.mTableView scrollToRowAtIndexPath:bottomRow 
       atScrollPosition:UITableViewScrollPositionBottom animated:YES];
}
@end
</span>在scrollToTop:方法中,创建一个NSIndexPath对象的实例,把indexPathForRow的值置为0,可以将表视图滚动至顶部。在scrollToBottom:方法中,使用[self.rowData count]-1的值创建NSIndexPath实例,可以将表视图滚动至底部。
用所创建的NSIndexPath对象调用scrollToRowAtIndexPath:atScrollPosition:animated:方法时,mTableView控件既可以滚动到表格的顶部,也可以滚动到表格的底部。
这一实现的结果如图2-6和图2-7中所示。
                                  图6                                                                                                                                        
                                                                    图7
在本节中,将开发一个聊天视图控制器模拟iMessage以及其他即时通信应用的行为。为此,将学习如何使用灵活的单元格高度和定制的单元格创建一个定制的UITableView的实例。
最终的应用看起来如图2-8所示。
启动Xcode开发环境,用Single View ApplicationProject模板创建一个新项目,使用如图2-9所示的配置,将其命名为YDChatApp。
本例中所使用的图片,可以从本章的下载文件中获得。
YDViewController类会呈现即将开发的定制的UITableView,而且不使用Interface Builder工具开发。所有的UI代码是YDViewController.m文件的一个组成部分。
你将不会使用标准的UITableView,但是为了支持各种不同的聊天泡泡和section,会创建带有特定行为的定制的UITableView对象,并且使用定制的单元格。基于这个原因,开始时会编码实现一个定制的datasource对象,并被挂接到定制的UITableView上。创建一个继承于NSObject类的新协议,将其命名为YDChatTableViewDataSource。协议的源代码如代码清单2-5中所示。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-5 Chapter2/YDChatApp/YDChatTableViewDataSource.h #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @class YDChatData; @class YDChatTableView; @protocol YDChatTableViewDataSource <NSObject> - (NSInteger)rowsForChatTable:(YDChatTableView *)tableView; - (YDChatData *)chatTableView:(YDChatTableView *)tableView dataForRow:(NSInteger)row; @end </span>
这个协议直接继承于NSObject类,其中定义了必须在YDViewController类里实现的两个方法,定义定制的UITableView的地方就是这里。
为了使生活更轻松,定义一个名为YDChatData的对象,用来保存一条聊天消息的相关信息。可以用聊天的用户、时间戳、文字或者图片来初始化这个对象。枚举类型YDChatType有两种可能的值,ChatTypeMine和ChatTypeSomeone,用来负责聊天消息在UITableView上的位置。创建一个继承于NSObject的新的Objective-C类,将其命名为YDChatData。
YDChatData.h文件的源代码如代码清单2-6中所示。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-6  Chapter2/YDChatApp/YDChatData.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class YDChatUser;
//enumerator to identify the chattype
typedef enum _YDChatType
{
    ChatTypeMine = 0,
    ChatTypeSomeone = 1
}   YDChatType;
@interface YDChatData : NSObject
@property (readonly, nonatomic) YDChatType type;
@property (readonly, nonatomic, strong) NSDate *date;
@property (readonly, nonatomic, strong) UIView *view;
@property (readonly, nonatomic) UIEdgeInsets insets;
@property (nonatomic,strong) YDChatUser *chatUser;
//custom initializers
 
+ (id)dataWithText:(NSString *)text date:(NSDate *)date 
      type:(YDChatType)type andUser:(YDChatUser *)_user;
 
+ (id)dataWithImage:(UIImage *)image date:(NSDate *)date 
      type:(YDChatType)type andUser:(YDChatUser *)_user;
 
+ (id)dataWithView:(UIView *)view date:(NSDate *)date 
      type:(YDChatType)type andUser:(YDChatUser *)_user 
      insets:(UIEdgeInsets)insets;
@end
</span>在类的实现中,实现几个不同的初始化方法,如代码清单2-7中所示。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-7  Chapter2/YDChatApp/YDChatData.m
import "YDChatData.h"
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>
@implementation YDChatData
//create some constant UIEdgeInsets to property align text and images
const UIEdgeInsets textInsetsMine = {5, 10, 11, 17};
const UIEdgeInsets textInsetsSomeone = {5, 15, 11, 10};
const UIEdgeInsets imageInsetsMine = {11, 13, 16, 22};
const UIEdgeInsets imageInsetsSomeone = {11, 18, 16, 14};
#pragma initializers
+ (id)dataWithText:(NSString *)text date:(NSDate *)date type:(YDChatType)type 
      andUser:(YDChatUser *)_user
{
    return [[YDChatData alloc] initWithText:text date:date 
             type:type andUser:_user];
}
?(id)initWithText:(NSString *)text date:(NSDate *)date type:(YDChatType)type andUser:(YDChatUser *)_user
{ 
    UIFont* font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:12];
    int width = 225, height = 10000.0;
    NSMutableDictionary *atts = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    [atts setObject:font forKey:NSFontAttributeName];
    CGRect size = [text boundingRectWithSize:CGSizeMake(width, height)
                     options:NSStringDrawingUsesLineFragmentOrigin
                                          attributes:atts
                                             context:nil];
    UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, size.size.width, size.size.height)];
    label.numberOfLines = 0;
    label.lineBreakMode = NSLineBreakByWordWrapping;
    label.text = (text ? text : @"");
    label.font = font;
    label.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
    UIEdgeInsets insets = (type == ChatTypeMine ? textInsetsMine : textInsetsSomeone);
    return [self initWithView:label date:date type:type andUser:_user   insets:insets];
}
?(id)initWithImage:(UIImage *)image date:(NSDate *)date type:(YDChatType)type 
    andUser:(YDChatUser *)_user
{
    CGSize size = image.size;
    if (size.width > 220)
    {
        size.height /= (size.width / 220);
        size.width = 220;
    }
    UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:
                 CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height)];
    imageView.image = image;
    imageView.layer.cornerRadius = 5.0;
    imageView.layer.masksToBounds = YES;
    UIEdgeInsets insets = 
    (type == ChatTypeMine ? imageInsetsMine : imageInsetsSomeone);
    return [self initWithView:imageView date:date type:type andUser:_user  
    insets:insets];
}
+ (id)dataWithView:(UIView *)view date:(NSDate *)date type:(YDChatType)type 
      andUser:(YDChatUser *)_user insets:(UIEdgeInsets)insets
{
    return [[YDChatData alloc] initWithView:view date:date type:type 
             andUser:_user   insets:insets];
}
?(id)initWithView:(UIView *)view date:(NSDate *)date type:(YDChatType)type 
    andUser:(YDChatUser *)_user insets:(UIEdgeInsets)insets  
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self)
    {
     _chatUser = _user;
    _view = view;
    _date = date;
    _type = type;
    _insets = insets;
    }
    return self;
}
@end
</span>
创建一个名为YDChatTableView的新的Objective-C类,继承于UITableView类,并且实现了名为ChatBubbleTypingType的枚举类型和需要的属性,如代码清单2-8中所示。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-8  Chapter2/YDChatApp/YDChatTableView.h
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import "YDChatTableViewDataSource.h"
#import "YDChatTableViewCell.h"
//enumerator to identify the bubble type
typedef enum _ChatBubbleTypingType
{
    ChatBubbleTypingTypeNobody = 0,
    ChatBubbleTypingTypeMe = 1,
    ChatBubbleTypingTypeSomebody = 2
} ChatBubbleTypingType;
@interface YDChatTableView : UITableView 
@property (nonatomic, assign) id<YDChatTableViewDataSource> chatDataSource;
@property (nonatomic) NSTimeInterval snapInterval;
@property (nonatomic) ChatBubbleTypingType typingBubble;
@end
</span>
在YDChatTableView类的实现中,私有接口遵从于UITableViewDelegate和UITable- ViewDataSource这两个协议,在这里还定义一个名为bubbleSection的属性。
初始化方法为UITableView设置了默认属性,例如背景颜色、delegate和datasource属性等。重写reloadData方法,并编写你自己的代码,从而在YDChatTableView中加载数据。
另外,必须重写numberOfSectionsInTableView、tableview:numberOfRowsInSection:、tableview:heightForRowAtIndexPath:和tableview:cellForRowAtIndexPath:这几个方法。tableview:cellForRowAtIndexPath:方法创建并返回一个YDChatHeaderTableViewCell对象,或者是一个YDChatTableViewCell对象。
如果正在显示的单元格是首行,那么tableview:heightForRowAtIndexPath:方法就会返回YDChatHeaderTableViewCell控件的高度,或者根据这一特定的数据行与之相关的YDChatData对象,计算出高度并返回。
完整的实现如代码清单2-9中所示。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-9  Chapter2/YDChatApp/YDChatTableView.m
#import "YDChatTableView.h"
#import "YDChatData.h"
#import "YDChatHeaderTableViewCell.h"
@interface YDChatTableView ()<UITableViewDelegate, UITableViewDataSource>
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray *bubbleSection;
@end
@implementation YDChatTableView
- (void)initializer
{
    self.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
    self.separatorStyle = UITableViewCellSeparatorStyleNone;
    self.delegate = self;
    self.dataSource = self;
    //the snap interval in seconds implements a headerview to seperate chats
    self.snapInterval = 60 * 60 * 24; //one day
    self.typingBubble = ChatBubbleTypingTypeNobody;
}
- (id)init
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self) [self initializer];
    return self;
}
- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
    self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
    if (self) [self initializer];
    return self;
}
- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame style:(UITableViewStyle)style
{
    self = [super initWithFrame:frame style:UITableViewStylePlain];
    if (self) [self initializer];
    return self;
}
#pragma mark - Override
- (void)reloadData
{
    self.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = NO;
    self.showsHorizontalScrollIndicator = NO;
    self.bubbleSection = nil;
    int count = 0;
    self.bubbleSection = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    if (self.chatDataSource && (count = [self.chatDataSource 
        rowsForChatTable:self]) > 0)
    {
        NSMutableArray *bubbleData = [[NSMutableArray alloc] 
            initWithCapacity:count];
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            NSObject *object = [self.chatDataSource 
               chatTableView:self dataForRow:i];
            assert([object isKindOfClass:[YDChatData class]]);
            [bubbleData addObject:object];
        }
        
        [bubbleData sortUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1, id obj2)
         {
             YDChatData *bubbleData1 = (YDChatData *)obj1;
             YDChatData *bubbleData2 = (YDChatData *)obj2;
             
             return [bubbleData1.date compare:bubbleData2.date];
         }];
        
        NSDate *last = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSince1970:0];
        NSMutableArray *currentSection = nil;
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            YDChatData *data = (YDChatData *)[bubbleData objectAtIndex:i];
            if ([data.date timeIntervalSinceDate:last] > self.snapInterval)
            {
                currentSection = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
                [self.bubbleSection addObject:currentSection];
            }
            [currentSection addObject:data];
            last = data.date;
        }
    }
    [super reloadData];
}
- (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView
{
    int result = [self.bubbleSection count];
    if (self.typingBubble != ChatBubbleTypingTypeNobody) result++;
    return result;
}
?(NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView 
    numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section
{
    if (section >= [self.bubbleSection count]) return 1;
    return [[self.bubbleSection objectAtIndex:section] count] + 1;
}
?(float)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView heightForRowAtIndexPath:
       (NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    // Header
    if (indexPath.row == 0)
    {
        return [YDChatHeaderTableViewCell height];
    }
    YDChatData *data = [[self.bubbleSection objectAtIndex:indexPath.section] 
                objectAtIndex:indexPath.row - 1];
    
      return MAX(data.insets.top + data.view.frame.size.height + 
                 data.insets.bottom, 52);
}
?(UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView 
       cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    // Header based on snapInterval
    if (indexPath.row == 0)
    {
        static NSString *cellId = @"HeaderCell";
        YDChatHeaderTableViewCell *cell = [tableView 
         dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:cellId];
        YDChatData *data = [[self.bubbleSection objectAtIndex:indexPath.section] 
                             objectAtIndex:0];
        if (cell == nil) cell = [[YDChatHeaderTableViewCell alloc] init];
            cell.date = data.date;
        return cell;
    }
    // Standard 
    static NSString *cellId = @"ChatCell";
    YDChatTableViewCell *cell = [tableView 
          dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:cellId];
    YDChatData *data = [[self.bubbleSection objectAtIndex:indexPath.section] 
                         objectAtIndex:indexPath.row - 1];
    if (cell == nil) cell = [[YDChatTableViewCell alloc] init];
    cell.data = data;
    return cell;
}
@end
</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">(float)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView 
       heightForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    // Header
    if (indexPath.row == 0)
    {
        return [YDChatHeaderTableViewCell height];
    }
    YDChatData *data = [[self.bubbleSection objectAtIndex:indexPath.section] 
          objectAtIndex:indexPath.row - 1];
    return MAX(data.insets.top + data.view.frame.size.height + 
               data.insets.bottom, 52);
}
</span>为了正确显示聊天数据,需要两种不同的定制的UITableViewCell对象,它们都继承于UITableViewCell类。
一种用以显示标题头,在这种情况下,就是显示与snapInterval属性相关的日期和时间编组。另外一种用以显示YDChatData对象中保存的聊天消息。前一种表格对象有一个名为height返回值类型为CGFloat的静态方法,返回这个UITableViewCell的高度,还有一个日期类型的属性,因而日期和时间可以从snapInterval属性中获得。创建一个名为YDChatTableViewHeaderCell的新的Objective-C类,打开YDChatTableViewHeaderCell.h文件,应用如代码清单2-10中所示的代码。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-10 Chapter2/YDChatApp/YDChatTableViewHeaderCell.h #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @interface YDChatHeaderTableViewCell : UITableViewCell + (CGFloat)height; @property (nonatomic, strong) NSDate *date; @end </span>
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;"> </span>
YDChatTableViewHeaderCell类的实现简单地返回30.0作为height方法的返回值。setDate方法接收一个日期对象,并创建UILabel控件,将其添加到视图上,用以显示section的日期-时间戳。实现如代码清单2-11中所示的代码。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-11  Chapter2/YDChatApp/YDChatTableViewHeaderCell.m
#import "YDChatHeaderTableViewCell.h"
@interface YDChatHeaderTableViewCell ()
@property (nonatomic, retain) UILabel *label;
@end
@implementation YDChatHeaderTableViewCell
+ (CGFloat)height
{
    return 30.0;
}
- (void)setDate:(NSDate *)value
{
    NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    [dateFormatter setDateStyle:NSDateFormatterMediumStyle];
    [dateFormatter setTimeStyle:NSDateFormatterShortStyle];
    NSString *text = [dateFormatter stringFromDate:value];
    if (self.label)
    {
        self.label.text = text;
        return;
    }
    self.selectionStyle = UITableViewCellSelectionStyleNone;
    self.label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 
    self.frame.size.width, [YDChatHeaderTableViewCell height])];
    self.label.text = text;
    self.label.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:12];
    self.label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
    self.label.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(0, 1);
    self.label.shadowColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    self.label.textColor = [UIColor darkGrayColor];
    self.label.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
    [self addSubview:self.label];
}
@end
</span>既然已经为HeaderCell创建了类,那么也需要为ChatCell创建一个定制的类,用来显示真实的聊天消息。创建一个继承于UITableViewCell的新的Objective-C类,将其命名为YDChatTableViewCell。为这个类添加YDChatData类型的唯一的一个属性,用以显示真实的聊天消息,并将单元格作为定制的UITableViewCell对象返回。
在YDChatTableViewCell.h文件中实现如代码清单2-12中所示的代码。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-12 Chapter2/YDChatApp/YDChatTableViewCell.h #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> #import "YDChatData.h" @interface YDChatTableViewCell : UITableViewCell @property (nonatomic, strong) YDChatData *data; -(void)setData(YDChatData*)data; @end</span>
setData:方法接受YDChatData对象,将它赋值给data属性。下一步,它会调用rebuild- UserInterface方法,如果该方法之前没有创建过bubbleImage,那么就会创建这个对象。如果YDChatData对象有代表一个用户的值,那么就会使用该聊天用户的头像,作为子视图添加到界面上。
YDChatTableViewCell.m文件的实现代码如代码清单2-13中所示。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-13  Chapter2/YDChatApp/YDChatTableViewCell.m
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>
#import "YDChatTableViewCell.h"
#import "YDChatData.h"
#import "YDChatUser.h"
@interface YDChatTableViewCell ()
//declare properties
@property (nonatomic, retain) UIView *customView;
@property (nonatomic, retain) UIImageView *bubbleImage;
@property (nonatomic, retain) UIImageView *avatarImage;
- (void) setupInternalData;
@end
@implementation YDChatTableViewCell
@synthesize data=_data;
- (void)setData:(YDChatData *)data
{
    _data = data;
    [self rebuildUserInterface];
}
- (void) rebuildUserInterface
{
    self.selectionStyle = UITableViewCellSelectionStyleNone;
    if (!self.bubbleImage)
    {
        self.bubbleImage = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
        [self addSubview:self.bubbleImage];
    }
    YDChatType type = self.data.type;
    CGFloat width = self.data.view.frame.size.width;
    CGFloat height = self.data.view.frame.size.height;
    CGFloat x = (type == ChatTypeSomeone) ? 0 : 
           self.frame.size.width - 
           width - 
           self.data.insets.left - 
           self.data.insets.right;
    CGFloat y = 0;
    //if we have a chatUser show the avatar of the YDChatUser property
    if (self.data.chatUser)
    {
        YDChatUser *thisUser = self.data.chatUser;
        [self.avatarImage removeFromSuperview];
        self.avatarImage = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:(thisUser.avatar ? 
             thisUser.avatar : [UIImage imageNamed:@"noAvatar.png"])];
        self.avatarImage.layer.cornerRadius = 9.0;
        self.avatarImage.layer.masksToBounds = YES;
        self.avatarImage.layer.borderColor = 
                         [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.0 alpha:0.2].CGColor;
        self.avatarImage.layer.borderWidth = 1.0;
        //calculate the x position
        CGFloat avatarX = (type == ChatTypeSomeone) ? 2 : 
                          self.frame.size.width - 52;
        CGFloat avatarY = self.frame.size.height - 50;
        //set the frame correctly
        self.avatarImage.frame = CGRectMake(avatarX, avatarY, 50, 50);
        [self addSubview:self.avatarImage];
        CGFloat delta = self.frame.size.height - 
                       (self.data.insets.top + self.data.insets.bottom + 
                        self.data.view.frame.size.height);
        if (delta > 0) y = delta;
        if (type == ChatTypeSomeone) x += 54;
        if (type == ChatTypeMine) x -= 54;
    }
    [self.customView removeFromSuperview];
    self.customView = self.data.view;
    self.customView.frame = 
                 CGRectMake(x + self.data.insets.left, 
                         y + self.data.insets.top, width, height);
    [self.contentView addSubview:self.customView];
    //depending on the ChatType a bubble image on the left or right
    if (type == ChatTypeSomeone)
    {
        self.bubbleImage.image = [[UIImage imageNamed:@"yoububble.png"] 
                  stretchableImageWithLeftCapWidth:21 topCapHeight:14];
    }
    else {
        self.bubbleImage.image = [[UIImage imageNamed:@"mebubble.png"] 
                  stretchableImageWithLeftCapWidth:15 topCapHeight:14];
    }
    self.bubbleImage.frame = 
            CGRectMake(x, y, width + self.data.insets.left + 
                       self.data.insets.right, height + 
                       self.data.insets.top + self.data.insets.bottom);
}
- (void)setFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
    [super setFrame:frame];
    [self rebuildUserInterface];
}
@end
</span>创建一个新的名为YDChatUser的类,具有两个属性:用户名和头像,它们会被显示在刚刚创建的YDChatTableViewCell中。设计YDChatUser类用来设置用户对象的用户名和头像图片,这样可以关联到YDChatData对象上。
创建一个继承于NSObject的新的Objective-C类,将其命名为YDChatUser。YDChatUser.h文件如代码清单2-14中所示。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-14 Chapter2/YDChatApp/YDChatUser.h #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface YDChatUser : NSObject @property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *username; @property (nonatomic, strong) UIImage *avatar; - (id)initWithUsername:(NSString *)user avatarImage:(UIImage *)image; @end </span>
实现定制的构造方法,并且将传入的参数值赋给属性,如代码清单2-15中所示。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-15  Chapter2/YDChatApp/YDChatUser.m
#import "YDChatUser.h"
@implementation YDChatUser
@synthesize avatar = _avatar;
@synthesize username = _username;
- (id)initWithUsername:(NSString *)user avatarImage:(UIImage *)image
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self)
    {
        self.avatar = [image copy];
        self.username = [user copy];
    }
    return self;
}
@end</span>既然已经开发了所有独立的组件,那么就可以编写YDViewController类,使用聊天消息来显示YDChatTableView了。
YDViewController.h文件不需要任何编码工作。
YDViewController.m文件导入所需的头文件,以此为开始并遵从YDChatTableViewDataSource和UITextViewDelegate协议。在viewDidLoad方法的开头,以编程方式创建了用户界面元素。在这个方法的结尾,创建了YDChatUser类型的两个对象,如下面这段代码示例所示:
me =[[YDChatUser alloc] initWithUsername:@"Peter"
avatarImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"me.png"]];
you =[[YDChatUser alloc] initWithUsername:@"You"
avatarImage:[UIImageimageNamed:@"noavatar.png"]];
最终,在viewDidLoad方法中,一些YDChatData记录被创建并添加到Chats数组中,作为YDChatTableView控件的datasource对象。
YDChatData *first = [YDChatData dataWithText:
@"Hey, how are you doing? I‘m inParis take a look at this picture."
date:[NSDatedateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:-600]
type:ChatTypeMine andUser:me];
YDChatData *second = [YDChatDatadataWithImage:
[UIImage imageNamed:@"eiffeltower.jpg"]
date:[NSDatedateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:-290]
type:ChatTypeMine andUser:me];
YDChatData *third = [YDChatDatadataWithText:
@"Wow.. Really cool pictureout there. Wish I could be with you"
date:[NSDatedateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:-5]
type:ChatTypeSomeone andUser:you];
YDChatData *forth = [YDChatDatadataWithText:
@"Maybe next time you can comewith me."
date:[NSDatedateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:+0]
type:ChatTypeMine andUser:me];
//Initialize the Chats array with thecreated YDChatData objects
Chats = [[NSMutableArray alloc]
initWithObjects:first, second,third,forth, nil];
sendMessage方法创建了YDChatData对象,使用从msgText控件中得到的文本来初始化这个对象,将其加入到Chats数组中,并调用chatTable对象的reloadData方法。
当选中UITextView,开始在这个控件内输入文字时,会触发textView:shouldChange- TextInRange:replacementText:、textViewDidBeginEditing:和textViewDidChange:这三个方法,用来操控用户界面。shortenTableView和showTableView方法用来控制YDChatTableView的高度。
完整的实现方式如代码清单2-16中所示。
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">代码清单2-16  Chapter2/YDChatApp/YDViewController.m
#import "YDChatUser.h"
#import "YDChatTableViewDataSource.h"
#import "YDViewController.h"
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>
#import "YDChatTableView.h"
#import "YDChatTableViewDataSource.h"
#import "YDChatData.h"
#import "YDChatUser.h"
#define lineHeight  16.0f
@interface YDViewController ()<YDChatTableViewDataSource,UITextViewDelegate>
{
    YDChatTableView *chatTable;
    UIView *textInputView;
    UITextField *textField;
    NSMutableArray *Chats;
    
    UIView* sendView;
    UIButton* sendButton;
    UITextView* msgText;
    BOOL composing;
    float prevLines;
    YDChatUser* me ;
    YDChatUser* you ;
}
@end
@implementation YDViewController
CGRect  appFrame;
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor lightGrayColor];
        //create your instance of YDChatTableView
    self.chatTable=[[YDChatTableView alloc] initWithFrame:
    CGRectMake(0,40,[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds].size.width,
    [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds].size.height -40)  style:UITableViewStylePlain];
    chatTable.backgroundColor=[UIColor whiteColor];
    [self.view addSubview:chatTable];
    appFrame= [[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame];
 
    sendView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:
                 CGRectMake(0,appFrame.size.height-56,320,56)];
    sendView.backgroundColor=[UIColor blueColor];
    sendView.alpha=0.9;
    
    msgText = [[UITextView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(7,10,225,36)];
    msgText.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    msgText.textColor=[UIColor blackColor];
    msgText.font=[UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:12];
    msgText.autoresizingMask = 
           UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight | 
           UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleTopMargin;
    msgText.layer.cornerRadius = 10.0f;
    msgText.returnKeyType=UIReturnKeySend;
    msgText.showsHorizontalScrollIndicator=NO;
    msgText.showsVerticalScrollIndicator=NO;
        //Set the delegate so you can respond to user input
    msgText.delegate=self;
    [sendView addSubview:msgText];
    msgText.contentInset = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0,0,0,0);
    [self.view addSubview:sendView];
    
    sendButton = [[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(235,10,77,36)];
    sendButton.backgroundColor=[UIColor lightGrayColor];
    [sendButton addTarget:self action:@selector(sendMessage) 
                          forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    sendButton.autoresizingMask=UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleTopMargin;
    sendButton.layer.cornerRadius=6.0f;
    [sendButton setTitle:@"Send" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [sendView addSubview:sendButton];
        //create two YDChatUser object one representing me and one 
          representing the other party
    
    me = [[YDChatUser alloc] initWithUsername:@"Peter" 
           avatarImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"me.png"]];
    you  =[[YDChatUser alloc] initWithUsername:@"You" 
            avatarImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"noavatar.png"]];
        //Create some YDChatData objects here
    YDChatData *first = [YDChatData dataWithText:
         @"Hey, how are you doing? I'm in Paris take a look at this picture." 
         date:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:-600] 
         type:ChatTypeMine andUser:me];
    YDChatData *second = [YDChatData dataWithImage:
         [UIImage imageNamed:@"eiffeltower.jpg"] 
         date:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:-290] 
         type:ChatTypeMine andUser:me];
    YDChatData *third = [YDChatData dataWithText:
         @"Wow.. Really cool picture out there. Wish I could be with you" 
         date:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:-5] 
         type:ChatTypeSomeone andUser:you];
    YDChatData *forth = [YDChatData dataWithText:
         @"Maybe next time you can come with me." 
         date:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:+0] 
         type:ChatTypeMine andUser:me];
        //Initialize the Chats array with the created YDChatData objects
    Chats = [[NSMutableArray alloc] 
              initWithObjects:first, second, third,forth, nil];
        //set the chatDataSource
    chatTable.chatDataSource = self;
        //call the reloadData, this is actually calling your override method
    [chatTable reloadData];
}
-(void)sendMessage
{
    composing=NO;
    YDChatData *thisChat = [YDChatData dataWithText:msgText.text 
                  date:[NSDate date] type:ChatTypeMine andUser:me];
    [Chats addObject:thisChat];
    [chatTable reloadData];
    [self showTableView];
    [msgText resignFirstResponder];
    msgText.text=@"";
    sendView.frame=CGRectMake(0,appFrame.size.height-56,320,56);
    NSIndexPath *indexPath = [NSIndexPath indexPathForRow:0 inSection:0];
    [chatTable scrollToRowAtIndexPath:indexPath
                     atScrollPosition:UITableViewScrollPositionBottom 
                animated:YES];
    
    
}
#pragma UITextViewDelegate
    //if user presses enter consider as end of message and send it
-(BOOL)textView:(UITextView *)textView shouldChangeTextInRange:(NSRange)range 
       replacementText:(NSString *)text
{
    if([text isEqualToString:@"\n"]) {
        [self sendMessage];
        return NO;
    }
    return YES;
}
    // this function returns the height of the entered text in the msgText field
-(CGFloat )textY
{
    UIFont* systemFont = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:12];
     int width = 225.0, height = 10000.0;
     NSMutableDictionary *atts = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
     [atts setObject:systemFont forKey:NSFontAttributeName];
     
     CGRect size = [msgText.text boundingRectWithSize:CGSizeMake(width, height)
     options:NSStringDrawingUsesLineFragmentOrigin
     attributes:atts
     context:nil];
       float textHeight = size.size.height;
    
    float lines = textHeight / lineHeight;
    if (lines >=4)
        lines=4;
    if ([msgText.text length]==0)
        lines=0.9375f;
    return 190 - (lines * lineHeight) + lineHeight;
}
-(void)textViewDidChange:(UITextView *)textView
{
    UIFont* systemFont = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:12];
    int width = 225.0, height = 10000.0;
    NSMutableDictionary *atts = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    [atts setObject:systemFont forKey:NSFontAttributeName];
    
    CGRect size = [msgText.text boundingRectWithSize:CGSizeMake(width, height)
                                   options:NSStringDrawingUsesLineFragmentOrigin
                                          attributes:atts
                                             context:nil];
    float textHeight = size.size.height;
    float lines = textHeight / lineHeight;
    if (lines >=4)
        lines=4;
    
    composing=YES;
    msgText.contentInset = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0,0,0,0);
    sendView.frame = CGRectMake(0,appFrame.size.height-270 - (lines * lineHeight) + lineHeight ,320,56 + (lines * lineHeight)-lineHeight);
    
    if (prevLines!=lines)
        [self shortenTableView];
    
    prevLines=lines;
}
    
    prevLines=lines;
}
    //let's change the frame of the chatTable so we can see the bottom
-(void)shortenTableView
{   [UIView beginAnimations:@"moveView" context:nil];
    [UIView setAnimationDuration:0.1];
    chatTable.frame=CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, [self textY] );
    [UIView commitAnimations];
    prevLines=1;
    
}
    // show the chatTable as it was
-(void)showTableView
{
    [UIView beginAnimations:@"moveView" context:nil];
    [UIView setAnimationDuration:0.1];
    chatTable.frame=CGRectMake(0,0,320,460 - 56);
    [UIView commitAnimations];
}
    //when user starts typing change the frame position and shorten the chatTable
-(void)textViewDidBeginEditing:(UITextView *)textView
{ [UIView beginAnimations:@"moveView" context:nil];
    [UIView setAnimationDuration:0.3];
    sendView.frame = CGRectMake(0,appFrame.size.height-270,320,56);
    [UIView commitAnimations];
    [self shortenTableView];
    [msgText becomeFirstResponder];
    
}
- (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:
        (UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation
{
    return (interfaceOrientation != UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown);
}
#pragma mark - YDChatTableView implementation
//here are the required implementation from your YDChatTableViewDataSource
- (NSInteger)rowsForChatTable:(YDChatTableView *)tableView
{
    return [Chats count];
}
- (YDChatData *)chatTableView:(YDChatTableView *)tableView 
   dataForRow:(NSInteger)row
{
    return [Chats objectAtIndex:row];
}
@end
</span>虽然以非常出色的方式创建的Chat解决方案实现了创建聊天消息并显示这些消息的逻辑,但是它不发送和接收任何消息。因此,还需要实现一个遵循XMPP协议的真正的通信模块(注:有关XMPP协议请参考www.xmpp.org官方网站的内容)。
《iOS 高级编程》试读电子书,免费提供,有需要的留下邮箱,一有空即发送给大家。 别忘啦顶哦!
购书地址:
京东:http://item.jd.com/11573064.html
当当:http://product.dangdang.com/23596918.html
互动:http://product.china-pub.com/3770647
亚马逊:http://www.amazon.cn/dp/B00P7NO4K2
原文:http://blog.csdn.net/qinghuawenkang/article/details/41541511