python提供三种扫描当前路径的方法：os.listdir, os.scandir和pathlib
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
os.listdir() |
Returns a list of all files and folders in a directory |
os.scandir() |
Returns an iterator of all the objects in a directory including file attribute information |
pathlib.Path.iterdir() |
Returns an iterator of all the objects in a directory including file attribute information |
以上三种方法都可以列出当前目录中的所有文件和子路径，但如果当我们需要个性化过滤的时候，就需要到以下操作：
1）仅列出所有文件：
import os # List all files in a directory using os.listdir basepath = ‘my_directory/‘ for entry in os.listdir(basepath): if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(basepath, entry)): print(entry) import os # List all files in a directory using scandir() basepath = ‘my_directory/‘ with os.scandir(basepath) as entries: for entry in entries: if entry.is_file(): print(entry.name) from pathlib import Path basepath = Path(‘my_directory/‘) files_in_basepath = basepath.iterdir() for item in files_in_basepath: if item.is_file(): print(item.name)
2）仅列出所有子路径
import os # List all subdirectories using os.listdir basepath = ‘my_directory/‘ for entry in os.listdir(basepath): if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(basepath, entry)): print(entry) # List all subdirectories using scandir() basepath = ‘my_directory/‘ with os.scandir(basepath) as entries: for entry in entries: if entry.is_dir(): print(entry.name) # List all subdirectory using pathlib basepath = Path(‘my_directory/‘) for entry in basepath.iterdir(): if entry.is_dir(): print(entry.name)
3）匹配特定类型文件，如txt
>>> for filename in os.listdir(‘.‘): ... if fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, ‘data_*_backup.txt‘): ... print(filename)
python还提供了从linux到windows的兼容路径查找工具glob，利用glob和Unix系统中“*”，“?"的特殊语法，可以做到递归查找特定类型文件
>>> import glob >>> for file in glob.iglob(‘**/*.py‘, recursive=True): ... print(file)
pathlib也有类似Unix的操作
>>> from pathlib import Path >>> p = Path(‘.‘) >>> for name in p.glob(‘*.p*‘): ... print(name)
其他更多高级操作见参考资料[1]
参考资料：
[1]Working With Files in Python
https://realpython.com/working-with-files-in-python/
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/J14nWe1/p/14661557.html