drf入门规范

{
    error: "无权限操作"
}

GET /collection：返回资源对象的列表（数组）
GET /collection/resource：返回单个资源对象
POST /collection：返回新生成的资源对象
PUT /collection/resource：返回完整的资源对象
PATCH /collection/resource：返回完整的资源对象
DELETE /collection/resource：返回一个空文档

# Hypermedia API，RESTful API最好做到Hypermedia，即返回结果中提供链接，连向其他API方法，使得用户不查文档，也知道下一步应该做什么
{
  	"status": 0,
  	"msg": "ok",
  	"results":[
        {
            "name":"肯德基(罗餐厅)",
            "img": "https://image.baidu.com/kfc/001.png"
        }
      	...
		]
}

# 响应数据要有状态码、状态信息以及数据本身
{
  	"status": 0,
  	"msg": "ok",
  	"results":[
        {
            "name":"肯德基(罗餐厅)",
            "location":{
                "lat":31.415354,
                "lng":121.357339
            },
            "address":"月罗路2380号",
            "province":"上海市",
            "city":"上海市",
            "area":"宝山区",
            "street_id":"339ed41ae1d6dc320a5cb37c",
            "telephone":"(021)56761006",
            "detail":1,
            "uid":"339ed41ae1d6dc320a5cb37c"
        }
      	...
		]
}

# mkvirtualenv drfdemo -p python3
# pip install django

pip install djangorestframework
pip install pymysql

cd ~/Desktop
django-admin startproject drfdemo

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    ‘rest_framework‘,
]

class Student(models.Model):
    # 模型字段
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100,verbose_name="姓名")
    sex = models.BooleanField(default=1,verbose_name="性别")
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    class_null = models.CharField(max_length=5,verbose_name="班级编号")
    description = models.TextField(max_length=1000,verbose_name="个性签名")

    class Meta:
        db_table="tb_student"
        verbose_name = "学生"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

create database students charset=utf8;

安装pymysql
pip install pymysql

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

DATABASES = {
    # ‘default‘: {
    #     ‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.sqlite3‘,
    #     ‘NAME‘: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘db.sqlite3‘),
    # },
    ‘default‘: {
        ‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.mysql‘,
        ‘NAME‘: "students",
        "HOST": "127.0.0.1",
        "PORT": 3306,
        "USER": "root",
        "PASSWORD":"123",
    },
}

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

# 执行数据迁移 python manage.py makemigrations 报错如下：

注释掉 backends/mysql/base.py中的35和36行代码。

# 执行数据迁移发生以下错误：

python manage.py startapp students

# 创建序列化器类，回头会在试图中被调用
class StudentModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = "__all__"

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from .models import Student
from .serializers import StudentModelSerializer
# Create your views here.
class StudentViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer

from . import views
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

# 路由列表
urlpatterns = []

router = DefaultRouter()  # 可以处理视图的路由器
router.register(‘students‘, views.StudentViewSet)  # 向路由器中注册视图集

urlpatterns += router.urls  # 将路由器中的所以路由信息追到到django的路由列表中

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include

urlpatterns = [
    path(‘admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
    path("stu/",include("students.urls")),
]

python manage.py runserver

# 视图层
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.views import View
class CBVTest(View):
    # 通过调度(dispatch)分发请求
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        pass
        super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
        pass

    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, ‘cbv.html‘)

    def post(self, request):
        return HttpResponse(‘cbv post method‘)

<!-- 模板层 -->
<form action="/cbv/" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <input type="text" name="usr">
    <button type="submit">提交</button>
</form>

# 路由层
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r‘^cbv/‘, views.CBVTest.as_view()),
]

# 1）安装drf：pip3 install djangorestframework
# 2）settings.py注册app：INSTALLED_APPS = [..., ‘rest_framework‘]
# 3）基于cbv完成满足RSSTful规范的接口

# 视图层
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
user_list = [{‘id‘: 1, ‘name‘: ‘Bob‘}, {‘id‘: 2, ‘name‘: ‘Tom‘}]
class Users(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response({
            ‘status‘: 0,
            ‘msg‘: ‘ok‘,
            ‘results‘: user_list
        })
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # request对formdata，urlencoded，json三个格式参数均能解析
        name = request.data.get(‘name‘)
        id = len(user_list) + 1
        user = {‘id‘: id, ‘name‘: name}
        user_list.append(user)
        return Response({
            ‘status‘: ‘0‘,
            ‘msg‘: ‘ok‘,
            ‘results‘: user
        })

# 路由层
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r‘^users/‘, views.Users.as_view()),
]

# as_view()
	# 核心走了父类as_view
	view = super(APIView, cls).as_view(**initkwargs)
    # 返回的是局部禁用csrf认证的view视图函数
    return csrf_exempt(view)
    
# dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
	# 二次封装request对象
	request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
    # 自定义request规则
    self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
    
# initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
	# 原生request封装在request._request
    
# initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
	# 认证
	self.perform_authentication(request)
    # 权限
    self.check_permissions(request)
    # 频率
    self.check_throttles(request)