顾名思义，责任链模式（Chain of Responsibility Pattern）为请求创建了一个接收者对象的链。这种模式给予请求的类型，对请求的发送者和接收者进行解耦。这种类型的设计模式属于行为型模式。
在这种模式中，通常每个接收者都包含对另一个接收者的引用。如果一个对象不能处理该请求，那么它会把相同的请求传给下一个接收者，依此类推。
意图：避免请求发送者与接收者耦合在一起，让多个对象都有可能接收请求，将这些对象连接成一条链，并且沿着这条链传递请求，直到有对象处理它为止。
主要解决：职责链上的处理者负责处理请求，客户只需要将请求发送到职责链上即可，无须关心请求的处理细节和请求的传递，所以职责链将请求的发送者和请求的处理者解耦了。
何时使用：在处理消息的时候以过滤很多道。
如何解决：拦截的类都实现统一接口。
关键代码：Handler 里面聚合它自己，在 HandlerRequest 里判断是否合适，如果没达到条件则向下传递，向谁传递之前 set 进去。
注意事项：在 JAVA WEB 中遇到很多应用。
基本介绍
职责链模式的原理类图
对原理类图的说明-即(职责链模式的角色及职责)
比如说 区长遇到一件事，他解决不了，他会上报给市长，市长解决不了，又会上报给省长，这样一步一步的。这就是责任链。
学校 OA 系统的采购审批项目：需求是
采购员采购教学器材
请设计程序完成采购审批项目
传统的设计方案(类图)
传统方案解决 OA 系统审批问题分析
代码实现
package com.atguigu.responsibilitychain;
public abstract class Approver {
Approver approver; //下一个处理者
String name; // 名 字
public Approver(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
//下一个处理者
public void setApprover(Approver approver) {
this.approver = approver;
}
//处理审批请求的方法，得到一个请求, 处理是子类完成，因此该方法做成抽象
public abstract void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest);
}package com.atguigu.responsibilitychain;
//请求类
public class PurchaseRequest {
private int type = 0; //请求类型
private float price = 0.0f; //请求金额
private int id = 0;
//构造器
public PurchaseRequest(int type, float price, int id) {
this.type = type;
this.price = price;
this.id = id;
}
public int getType() {
return type;
}
public float getPrice() {
return price;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
}package com.atguigu.responsibilitychain;
public class DepartmentApprover extends Approver {
public DepartmentApprover(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
if(purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 5000) {
System.out.println(" 请求编号 id= " + purchaseRequest.getId() + " 被 " + this.name + " 处理");
}else {
approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}
}package com.atguigu.responsibilitychain;
public class CollegeApprover extends Approver {
public CollegeApprover(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
if(purchaseRequest.getPrice() < 5000 && purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 10000) {
System.out.println(" 请求编号 id= " + purchaseRequest.getId() + " 被 " + this.name + " 处理");
} else {
approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}
}package com.atguigu.responsibilitychain;
public class ViceSchoolMasterApprover extends Approver {
public ViceSchoolMasterApprover(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
if(purchaseRequest.getPrice() < 10000 && purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 30000) {
System.out.println(" 请求编号 id= " + purchaseRequest.getId() + " 被 " + this.name + " 处理");
}else {
approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}
}package com.atguigu.responsibilitychain;
public class SchoolMasterApprover extends Approver {
public SchoolMasterApprover(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
if(purchaseRequest.getPrice() > 30000) {
System.out.println(" 请求编号 id= " + purchaseRequest.getId() + " 被 " + this.name + " 处理");
} else {
approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}
}package com.atguigu.responsibilitychain;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建一个请求
PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest = new PurchaseRequest(1, 31000, 1);
//创建相关的审批人
DepartmentApprover departmentApprover = new DepartmentApprover("张主任");
CollegeApprover collegeApprover = new CollegeApprover("李院长");
ViceSchoolMasterApprover viceSchoolMasterApprover = new ViceSchoolMasterApprover("王副校");
SchoolMasterApprover schoolMasterApprover = new SchoolMasterApprover("佟校长");
//需要将各个审批级别的下一个设置好 (处理人构成环形: )
departmentApprover.setApprover(collegeApprover);
collegeApprover.setApprover(viceSchoolMasterApprover);
viceSchoolMasterApprover.setApprover(schoolMasterApprover);
schoolMasterApprover.setApprover(departmentApprover);
departmentApprover.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
viceSchoolMasterApprover.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}
package com.atguigu.spring.test;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
public class ResponsibilityChain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// DispatcherServlet
//说明
/*
*
* protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
* HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
* mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);//获取到 HandlerExecutionChain 对象
* //在 mappedHandler.applyPreHandle 内部 得到啦 HandlerInterceptor interceptor
* //调用了拦截器的 interceptor.preHandle
* if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
* return;
* }
*
* //说明：mappedHandler.applyPostHandle 方法内部获取到拦截器，并调用
* //拦截器的 interceptor.postHandle(request, response, this.handler, mv);
* mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
* }
*
*
* //说明：在 mappedHandler.applyPreHandle 内部中，
* 还调用了 triggerAfterCompletion 方法，该方法中调用了
* HandlerInterceptor interceptor = getInterceptors()[i];
* try {
* interceptor.afterCompletion(request, response, this.handler, ex);
* }
* catch (Throwable ex2) {
* logger.error("HandlerInterceptor.afterCompletion threw exception", ex2);
* }
*/
}
}原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/blknemo/p/13260000.html