主句 | 从句 | 意义 | 其余成分 |
---|---|---|---|
do | do | 客观事实,科学现象,一定会发生 | if 可用 when 代替 |
do | will do | 可能发生的事 | 不可用 be going to 而应该用 will / shall |
did | would be | 虚拟现在的情况对现在和将来造成的影响 / 给出建议 "If I were you" | |
had done | would have done | 虚拟过去的情况对过去造成的影响 |
通常 if not 与 unless 可以互换。
If only ... 虚拟,“要是 …… 就好了”
主句 | 意义 | 从句 | 意义 |
---|---|---|---|
would do | 现在 / 将来 | did | 现在 / 将来 |
would have done | 过去 | had don | 虚拟过去条件 |
\(\rm v.[含时态] \to do \ /\ did + v.[原型]\)
Do?be careful while crossing the street. (祈使句,直接加前面,就算是be动词也可以随便强调)
It is / was + [被强调成分] + that(人或物) / who(人)+ [其余成分].
Is / was it + [被强调成分] + that / who + [其余成分]?
Gereral Rules
定语从句,去掉 that / who 之后的部分,it 指代明确,句子不缺少成分。
强调句,去掉 that / who 之后的部分,it 指代不明[2],句子缺少成分。
题型
It is / was + [成分一] + _____ + [成分二] + _____ +[成分三]
根据不同的选项搭配,可能出现以下情形
如果有定语从句,要先挑出定语从句,在另一个成分前面填上 that / who, 再判断定语从句的关系词。
省略成分的强调句回答
判断问题的题干是否在回答中出现了,如果出现了,那么它是强调句的[其余成分],否则这个强调句被省略了[其余成分],未被省略的句子中包含从句。
v. + 主语
代词作主语不倒装主谓
不用进行时
适用范围
here, there, now, then, up, down, away, off, back
\(+\)
be, appear, exist, lie, seem to be, stand, go, come, fall, follow
适用范围
现在分词,过去分词,形容词。
代词作主语不倒装主谓
谓语后有宾语或谓语比主语长,不倒装
"..." Tom said to me in a whisper.
情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语 + v.[原型]
适用范围
单词
not, seldom, never, barely, scarcely, rarely, little, no-等
(介词)短语
in no time, at no time, by no means, on no account, under no circumstances, on no condition(绝不)
特殊用法
Not until [从句] [主句]
只有主句倒装。
Not only [一] (but also [二])
只有 [一] 倒装。
句型 | 常用动词 | 如何倒装 | 条件 |
---|---|---|---|
so 开头 | 全部 | “另一者也是” | |
部分 | “确实如此” | ||
neither / nor 开头 | 全部 | ||
介词短语,时间 / 地点副词开头 | 全 | 名词(短语),非进行时 | |
不倒装主谓 | 代词 | ||
表语 + 系动词 + 主语 | 全部 | ||
直接引语 | 全部 |
主语:人称代词
肯定与否定
前否后肯
前肯后否
一般的祈使句
[原句], will you?
Let ...
Let‘s ..., shall we?
回答:Good idea. / OK / ... 等交际用语,而非直接回答。
Let us ..., will you?
There be ..., ... there?
This / that ..., ... it?
These / those ..., ... they?
must
表推测
反去掉推测之后的原句。
They must be tired now, aren‘t they?
He must have cleaned the room this morning, didn‘t he? must have done \(\Rightarrow\) 一般过去时。
You must haven‘t seen you for a long time, have you? must have done \(\Rightarrow\) 现在完成时。
禁止
[... mustn‘t ...], [must ...]?
有必要
[原句], needn‘t / mustn‘t ...?
dare / need
有时需要反宾语从句的内容
适用范围
动词:think / suppose / imagine / believe / suspect / agree[4:1]
I am ..., aren‘t I?
就近原则
否定词 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, little
宾语从句
先否定前移,再判断。
人 everybody(one), anybody(one), nobody( one), somebody(one) \(\to\) don‘t they?
物 everything, anything, nothing, something \(\to\) isn‘t it?
句型 | Quetion Tags(主语以you为例) |
---|---|
have(表示"有")/ have to do / have got nothing to do | don‘t you? |
had better do | hadn‘t you? |
would like / would rather | wouldn‘t you? |
used to | didn‘t you? |
I wish to ... (表示请求) | may I? |
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/Mackerel-Pike/p/12559712.html