| 主动 | 被动 | 意义 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般 | to do | to be done | 在谓语动词后发生 |
| 进行 | to be doing | 与谓语动词同时发生，且正在进行 | |
| 完成 | to have done | to have been done | 先于谓语动词发生 |
| 意义 | 主语是动作的发出者 | 主语是动作的承受者 |
句型
To do + V + O / P ( + for sb) = It‘s + O / P (for sb) + to do
适用范围
There‘s no need to do ...
区分 It‘s no use? / no good doing ...
有 do 无 to
固定搭配
would rather, had beter, prefer to do rather than, do nothing but / than / besides / except
谓语动词不是 do, 非谓的 to 不能省
to do 作后置定语，其后出现的非谓不定式的 t o可有可无。
适用范围
v. + to do
want, wish, prefer, hope, manage, ask, promise, mean, pretend, intend, attempt, decide, learn, desire, atree, care, choose, determine, expect, offer
v. + wh- + to do
tell, advise, show, teach, find out, discuss, learn, know
v. + n. / pron. + to do
适用范围
tell, require, warn, advise, allow, permit
[被动语态](# S + V + O + OC)
可以看出，并不是所有不定式都有显式的 to
一般要后置。
目的状语
= in order to do
原因状语
通常放在句末。
only to do, 表示不愉快的结果
They jumped for joy __________ (hear) the news they had come first in the basketball tournament.
answer
to hear
结果状语
too ... to ... = so ... that sb can‘t ...
enough + n. / adj. + enough + to do
in order to do = so as to do
in order to do 放在句首 / 末， so as to do 放在句末
used to do \(\Rightarrow\)?过去常做某事 区分
use ... to do \(\Rightarrow\)?用 ... 做
be / get used to doing \(\Rightarrow\)?习惯了
had better do
To be frank, ... = To be honest, ...
To tell you the truth
To cut a long story short
\(\rm to \ \ do \ \to \ not \ \ to \ \ do\)
\(\rm v. + \ to \ \ do \ \to \color{red}\ don‘t + v. + \ to \ \ do\)
seem
作介词的??\(\rm to + doing（介宾） \to \ to + \bold{not \ \ doing}\)
look forward to
| 主动 | 被动 | |
|---|---|---|
| 一般式 | doing | being done |
| 完成式 | having done | having been done |
[否定](#区分介词 to)
not + 动名词
复合结构
物主代词 / 所有格 + 动名词
常用it作形式主语。
前置定语，表示用途、目的、性质
可作动宾也可作介宾
有宾补的时候常用it作形式宾语
适用范围
enjoy, finish, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, adimit, deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can‘t stand / help, think / dream of, be fond of, prevent / keep /stop / protect... (from), set about, be engaged in, spend ... (in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on[2]
| 主动语态 \(\Rightarrow\) 主动 |
被动语态 \(\Rightarrow\) 被动 |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| 现在分词 | 一般式 \(\Rightarrow\) 同时发生 |
(not) doing | (not) being done |
| 完成式 \(\Rightarrow\) 先于谓语动词发生 |
(not) having done | (not) having been done | |
| 过去分词 \(\Rightarrow\) 动作完成[3] |
(not) done |
单独的分词 \(\Rightarrow\) 前置； 分词短语 \(\Rightarrow\) 后置
相当于定语从句
适用范围
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch
不及物的动词的被动语态不表示被动，只表示完成。
被动的动作 \(\Rightarrow\) 被动语态；状态 \(\Rightarrow\) 分词作表语[5]
表时间、原因、让步、条件、伴随、方式等[4:1]
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/Mackerel-Pike/p/12559680.html