版本更新：
1.调整了部分函数名，为驼峰命名规则；
2.增加了采集数和错误数统计；
3.bug修复：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
‘‘‘
__author__ = ‘王益夫‘
__mtime__ = ‘2019/12/20‘
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‘‘‘
版本修改：
V 1.0:用来获取文件的链接和信息，并存储在txt文件中；
V 1.0.1：参照调整headers，新增logging模块输入日志信息；
V 1.0.2: 独立写文本函数，增加已采集列表统计, 修复末页bug不退出爬虫问题。
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#import 相关的库
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import sys
import os
import time
import random
import logging
#方法1：设置文件写入，不设置输出控制台
# LOG_FORMAT = "%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
# DATE_FORMAT = "%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S %p"
# logging.basicConfig(filename=‘./temp/CCTV_news.log‘, level=logging.info, format=LOG_FORMAT, datefmt=DATE_FORMAT)
#方法2：handler同时输出到控制台和文件
logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.setLevel(‘WARNING‘)
BASIC_FORMAT = "%(asctime)s:%(levelname)s:%(message)s"
DATE_FORMAT = ‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S‘
formatter = logging.Formatter(BASIC_FORMAT, DATE_FORMAT)
chlr = logging.StreamHandler() # 输出到控制台的handler
chlr.setFormatter(formatter)
chlr.setLevel(‘INFO‘) # 也可以不设置，不设置就默认用logger的level
fhlr = logging.FileHandler(‘./temp/CCTV_news.log‘) # 输出到文件的handler
fhlr.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(chlr)
logger.addHandler(fhlr)
#增加多个浏览器头，避免检测
headers_list = [
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.75.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0.3 Safari/537.75.14",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64; Trident/6.0)",
‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; it; rv:1.8.1.11) Gecko/20071127 Firefox/2.0.0.11‘,
‘Opera/9.25 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en)‘,
‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)‘,
‘Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Konqueror/3.5; Linux) KHTML/3.5.5 (like Gecko) (Kubuntu)‘,
‘Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.8.0.12) Gecko/20070731 Ubuntu/dapper-security Firefox/1.5.0.12‘,
‘Lynx/2.8.5rel.1 libwww-FM/2.14 SSL-MM/1.4.1 GNUTLS/1.2.9‘,
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686) AppleWebKit/535.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Ubuntu/11.04 Chromium/16.0.912.77 Chrome/16.0.912.77 Safari/535.7",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:10.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/10.0",
‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36‘
]
global headers
headers = {‘User-Agent‘: random.choice(headers_list)}
def getRespose(url):
‘‘‘requests获取response文本‘‘‘
global ERR_List
global headers
try:
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=30)
r.raise_for_status()
r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
return r.text
except Exception as e:
#print(‘链接异常：‘+ url)
logging.error(‘链接异常：%s‘, url)
ERR_List.add(url)
raise e
def getNowUrls(url,mode=1):
global ERR_List
‘‘‘ 解析列表文章的链接和文章名 ‘‘‘
URL_all_set = set()
URL_next_page_set = set()
soup = BeautifulSoup(getRespose(url), ‘html.parser‘)
if mode == 1:
try:
for line in soup.body.find(class_=‘xwlist‘).find_all(name=‘a‘):
url_point = line.attrs[‘href‘]
#logging.warning(‘采集列表链接：%s‘, url_point)
if url_point not in URL_all_set:
URL_all_set.add(url_point)
return URL_all_set
except Exception as e:
raise e
logging.error(‘采集列表链接失败：%s‘, url)
ERR_List.add(url)
return False
else:
try:
url_next = soup.body.find(class_=‘page now-page‘).next_sibling.next_sibling.attrs[‘href‘]
if url_next == url:
URL_next_page_set.add(‘end‘)
logging.warning(‘已到末页：%s‘, url_next)
return URL_next_page_set
else:
if url_next not in URL_next_page_set:
URL_next_page_set.add(url_next)
return URL_next_page_set
else:
logging.warning(‘链接已存在：%s‘, url_next)
except:
logging.error(‘获取下一页链接失败：%s‘, url)
ERR_List.add(url)
return False
def pageParsing(url):
global ERR_List
try:
demo = getRespose(url)
soup_text = BeautifulSoup(demo, ‘html.parser‘)
textTitle = soup_text.head.title.string
textContent = []
for line in soup_text.body.find(attrs={‘class‘: ‘text_content‘}).find_all(name=‘p‘):
textContent.append(line.string)
#针对多个P标签，获取对应的string内容
logging.warning(‘新闻解析成功：%s‘, url)
if len(textTitle) != 0 or len(textContent) != 0:
return textTitle, str(textContent)
else:
logging.error(‘标题或正文解析失败： %s‘, url)
except:
logging.error(‘新闻页面解析失败： %s‘, url)
ERR_List.add(url)
return False
def textWrite(url_title, url_text, file_path=r‘.\temp‘, file_name=r‘新闻联播.txt‘):
file_all = file_path + ‘\\‘ + file_name
if not os.path.exists(file_path): # os库判断路径是否存在
os.mkdir(file_path) # 不存在创建路径
try:
with open(file_all, r‘a+‘, encoding="utf8") as f:
f.write(url_title + ‘\n‘)
f.write(url_text + ‘\n‘) # 此处写入失败的原因为该文本url_text内文本为list格式，需要转化为str
f.flush() # 将缓存写入
f.close()
logging.warning(‘文件写入成功：%s‘, url_title)
return True
except:
#print(‘文本写入失败‘)
logging.error(‘文件写入失败：%s‘, url_title)
return False
def main(url):
global All_List
URL_all = getNowUrls(url, 1)
URL_next_page = getNowUrls(url, 2)
# logging.warning(‘采集列表：%s‘, URL_all)
# logging.warning(‘下一页：%s‘, URL_next_page)
for url_line in list(URL_all):
time.sleep(random.random())
parseText = pageParsing(url_line)
if parseText:
url_title = parseText[0]
url_text = str(parseText[1])
print(url_title,url_text)
#logging.warning(‘采集中的文本：%s | %s‘, url_title, url_text)
textWrite(url_title, url_text, file_path=r‘.\temp‘, file_name=r‘新闻联播.txt‘)
URL_all.remove(url_line)
All_List.add(url_line)
if ‘end‘ in URL_next_page:
logging.error(‘已到末页：%s‘, url_line)
logging.error(‘采集结束，共采集页面： %s ， 错误页面： %s‘, len(All_List), len(ERR_List))
sys.exit()
else:
if len(URL_all) == 0 and len(URL_next_page) == 1:
Next_url = list(URL_next_page)[0]
URL_next_page.remove(Next_url)
time.sleep(5)
main(Next_url)
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
url = r‘http://www.xwlb.top/xwlb.html‘
All_List = set()
ERR_List = set()
#url = r‘http://www.xwlb.top/xwlb_709.html‘
logging.warning("输入的url为：%s", url)
main(url)
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/wyf-349/p/12102465.html