[易学易懂系列|rustlang语言|零基础|快速入门|（25）|实战2：命令行工具minigrep（2）]
项目实战
我们继续开发我们的minigrep。
我们现在以TDD测试驱动开发的模式，来开发新的功能search函数。
开始吧，我们先在ｓｒｃ／ｌｉｂ．ｒｓ文件中，增加测试代码：
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn one_result() {
let query = "duct";
let contents = "Rust:
safe, fast, productive.
Pick three.";
assert_eq!(vec!["safe, fast, productive."], search(query, contents));
}
}
然后同样再写一个空函数：
pub fn search<'a>(query: &str, contents: &'a str) -> Vec<&'a str> {
vec![]
}然后，我们要跑一下命令：
cargo test结果显示：
$ cargo test
Compiling minigrep v0.1.0 (file:///projects/minigrep)
--warnings--
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.43 secs
Running target/debug/deps/minigrep-abcabcabc
running 1 test
test tests::one_result ... FAILED
failures:
---- tests::one_result stdout ----
thread 'tests::one_result' panicked at 'assertion failed: `(left ==
right)`
left: `["safe, fast, productive."]`,
right: `[]`)', src/lib.rs:48:8
note: Run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` for a backtrace.
failures:
tests::one_result
test result: FAILED. 0 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
error: test failed, to rerun pass '--lib'测试不通过。
我们的实现函数search，只简单返回一个空vector。当然，不通过。
怎么办？
重构一下search函数：
pub fn search<'a>(query: &str, contents: &'a str) -> Vec<&'a str> {
let mut results = Vec::new();
for line in contents.lines() {
if line.contains(query) {
results.push(line);
}
}
results
}然后，我们跑一下命令：
cargo test结果显示：
running 1 test
test tests::one_result ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out测试通过！漂亮！
这就是TDD的基本流程。
我们看看示图：
好吧，现在我们可以直接调用search函数了，把它放到src/lib.rs中的run函数里：
//重构从文件中读取内容的业务逻辑
pub fn run(config: Config) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
let contents = fs::read_to_string(config.filename)?;
println!("With text:\n{}", contents);
for line in search(&config.query, &contents) {
println!("-----search result ------{}", line);
}
Ok(())
}然后，我们用运行命令：
cargo run frog poem.txt结果为：
.......
-----search result ------How public, like a frog我们找到包含frog单词的那一行！完美！
我们再找下body单词：
cargo run body poem.txt结果为：
......
-----search result ------I'm nobody! Who are you?
-----search result ------Are you nobody, too?
-----search result ------How dreary to be somebody!
结果正确！
当然，我们也可以试试不存在的单词：
cargo run monomorphization poem.txt结果为：
E:\code\rustProject\minigrep> cargo run monomorphization poem.txt
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.01s
Running `target\debug\minigrep.exe monomorphization poem.txt`
With text:
I'm nobody! Who are you?
Are you nobody, too?
Then there's a pair of us - don't tell!
They'd banish us, you know.
How dreary to be somebody!
How public, like a frog
To tell your name the livelong day
To an admiring bog!没有出现带“-----search result ------”的结果信息，说明没有找到单词：monomorphization。
结果符合期望。
现在我们再以TDD的开发方式来开发新的功能函数search_case_insensitive，新增测试代码：
#[test]
fn case_insensitive() {
let query = "rUsT";
let contents = "Rust:
safe, fast, productive.
Pick three.
Trust me.";
assert_eq!(
vec!["Rust:", "Trust me."],
search_case_insensitive(query, contents)
);
}
当然，我们可以简单实现一下search_case_insensitive函数，让它fail，因为这个逻辑比较简单，那就直接实现吧：
pub fn search_case_insensitive<'a>(query: &str, contents: &'a str) -> Vec<&'a str> {
let query = query.to_lowercase();
let mut results = Vec::new();
for line in contents.lines() {
if line.to_lowercase().contains(&query) {
results.push(line);
}
}
results
}好的，我们跑一下命令：
cargo test结果：
$cargo test
Compiling minigrep v0.1.0 (E:\code\rustProject\minigrep)
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 1.38s
Running target\debug\deps\minigrep-07da7ef1bffd9ef9.exe
running 2 tests
test case_insensitive ... ok
test tests::one_result ... ok测试通过，漂亮！
以上，希望对你有用。
如果遇到什么问题，欢迎加入：rust新手群，在这里我可以提供一些简单的帮助，加微信：360369487，注明：博客园+rust参考文章：
https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch12-05-working-with-environment-variables.html
[易学易懂系列|rustlang语言|零基础|快速入门|（25）|实战2：命令行工具minigrep（2）]
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/gyc567/p/12068718.html