基本使用
（1）models.py
from django.db import models
class UserInfo(models.Model):
USER_TYPE = (
(1,‘普通用户‘),
(2,‘VIP‘),
(3,‘SVIP‘)
)
user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=USER_TYPE)
username = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
group = models.ForeignKey(‘UserGroup‘,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
roles = models.ManyToManyField(‘Role‘)
class UserToken(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(‘UserInfo‘,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
token = models.CharField(max_length=64)
class UserGroup(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Role(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
录入一些数据
2）api/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from api.views import RolesView
urlpatterns = [
#序列化
url(‘(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/roles/‘, RolesView.as_view()),
]
（3）views.py
import json
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from . import models
from rest_framework import serializers
#要先写一个序列化的类
class RolesSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
#Role表里面的字段id和title序列化
id = serializers.IntegerField()
title = serializers.CharField()
class RolesView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# 方式一：对于[obj,obj,obj]
# （Queryset）
roles = models.Role.objects.all()
# 序列化，两个参数，instance:接受Queryset（或者对象） mangy=True表示对Queryset进行处理，many=False表示对对象进行进行处理
ser = RolesSerializer(instance=roles,many=True)
# 转成json格式，ensure_ascii=False表示显示中文，默认为True
ret = json.dumps(ser.data,ensure_ascii=False)
return HttpResponse(ret)
（4）浏览器访问：http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/roles/
可以显示后台返回的json数据
（5）方式二
class RolesView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# 方式一：对于[obj,obj,obj]
# （Queryset）
# roles = models.Role.objects.all()
# 序列化，两个参数，instance:Queryset 如果有多个值，就需要加 mangy=True
# ser = RolesSerializer(instance=roles,many=True)
# 转成json格式，ensure_ascii=False表示显示中文，默认为True
# ret = json.dumps(ser.data,ensure_ascii=False)
# 方式二：
role = models.Role.objects.all().first()
ser = RolesSerializer(instance=role, many=False)
ret = json.dumps(ser.data, ensure_ascii=False)
return HttpResponse(ret)
只获取一个
进阶使用
(多对多 用户与角色 多对一 用户与分组)
（1）urls.py
添加一个info
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from api.views import RolesView,UserInfoView
urlpatterns = [
url(‘(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/roles/‘, RolesView.as_view()),
url(‘(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/info/‘, UserInfoView.as_view()),
]
（2）views.py
‘‘‘序列化用户的信息‘‘‘
#user_type是choices（1,2,3），显示全称的方法用source
type = serializers.CharField(source="get_user_type_display")
username = serializers.CharField()
password = serializers.CharField()
#group.title：组的名字
group = serializers.CharField(source="group.title")
#SerializerMethodField(),表示自定义显示
#然后写一个自定义的方法
rls = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_rls(self,row):
#获取用户所有的角色
role_obj_list = row.roles.all()
ret = []
#获取角色的id和名字
#以字典的键值对方式显示
for item in role_obj_list:
ret.append({"id":item.id,"title":item.title})
return ret
class UserInfoView(APIView):
‘‘‘用户的信息‘‘‘
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
users = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
ser = UserInfoSerializer(instance=users,many=True)
ret = json.dumps(ser.data,ensure_ascii=False)
return HttpResponse(ret)
（3）浏览器访问：http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/info/
把上面的UserInfoSerializer改成继承ModelSerializer的用法
# class UserInfoSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
# ‘‘‘序列化用户的信息‘‘‘
# #user_type是choices（1,2,3），显示全称的方法用source
# type = serializers.CharField(source="get_user_type_display")
# username = serializers.CharField()
# password = serializers.CharField()
# #group.title：组的名字
# group = serializers.CharField(source="group.title")
# #SerializerMethodField(),表示自定义显示
# #然后写一个自定义的方法
# rls = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
#
# def get_rls(self,row):
# #获取用户所有的角色
# role_obj_list = row.roles.all()
# ret = []
# #获取角色的id和名字
# #以字典的键值对方式显示
# for item in role_obj_list:
# ret.append({"id":item.id,"title":item.title})
# return ret
class UserInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
type = serializers.CharField(source="get_user_type_display")
group = serializers.CharField(source="group.title")
rls = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_rls(self, row):
# 获取用户所有的角色
role_obj_list = row.roles.all()
ret = []
# 获取角色的id和名字
# 以字典的键值对方式显示
for item in role_obj_list:
ret.append({"id": item.id, "title": item.title})
return ret
class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo
fields = [‘id‘,‘username‘,‘password‘,‘type‘,‘group‘,‘rls‘]
class UserInfoView(APIView):
‘‘‘用户的信息‘‘‘
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
users = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
ser = UserInfoSerializer(instance=users,many=True)
ret = json.dumps(ser.data,ensure_ascii=False)
return HttpResponse(ret)
结果一模一样
继续优化上面的代码，用depth更简单方便
class UserInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo
#fields = "__all__"
fields = [‘id‘,‘username‘,‘password‘,‘group‘,‘roles‘]
#表示连表的深度
depth = 1
class UserInfoView(APIView):
‘‘‘用户的信息‘‘‘
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
users = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
ser = UserInfoSerializer(instance=users,many=True)
ret = json.dumps(ser.data,ensure_ascii=False)
return HttpResponse(ret)
访问：http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/info/
url.py
urlpatterns = [
re_path(‘(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/group/(?P<pk>\d+)/‘, GroupView.as_view(),name = ‘gp‘) #序列化生成url
]
views.py
class UserInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
group = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name=‘gp‘,lookup_field=‘group_id‘,lookup_url_kwarg=‘pk‘)
class Meta: model = models.UserInfo #fields = "__all__" fields = [‘id‘,‘username‘,‘password‘,‘group‘,‘roles‘] #表示连表的深度 depth = 0 class UserInfoView(APIView): ‘‘‘用户的信息‘‘‘ def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): users = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
#这里必须要传参数context={‘request‘:request} ser = UserInfoSerializer(instance=users,many=True,context={‘request‘:request})
ret = json.dumps(ser.data,ensure_ascii=False) return HttpResponse(ret) class GroupSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.UserGroup fields = "__all__"
class GroupView(APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): pk = kwargs.get(‘pk‘) obj = models.UserGroup.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() ser = GroupSerializer(instance=obj,many=False) ret = json.dumps(ser.data,ensure_ascii=False) return HttpResponse(ret)
注意注意添加setting.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = { "DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS":"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning", "ALLOWED_VERSIONS":["v1","v2"], }
访问：http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/info/
可以获取到group的url
Django rest framework(6) ---序列化
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/XLHIT/p/11630209.html