这个概念属于语言学科,指的是一段话的意义,要参考当前的场景,既上下文
在python中,上下文可以理解为是一个代码区间,一个范围 ,例如with open 打开的文件仅在这个上下文中有效
with open('a.txt') as f:
'代码块'
上代码
class Open:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def __enter__(self):
print('出现with语句,对象的__enter__被触发,有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量')
# return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
print('with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊')
with Open('a.txt') as f:
print('=====>执行代码块')
# print(f,f.name)
出现with语句,对象的__enter__被触发,有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量
=====>执行代码块
with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊
上代码
class Open:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def __enter__(self):
print('出现with语句,对象的__enter__被触发,有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量')
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
print('with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊')
print(exc_type)
print(exc_val)
print(exc_tb)
try:
with Open('a.txt') as f:
print('=====>执行代码块')
raise AttributeError('***着火啦,救火啊***')
except Exception as e:
print(e)
出现with语句,对象的__enter__被触发,有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量
=====>执行代码块
with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊
<class ‘AttributeError‘>
\\\着火啦,救火啊\\\
<traceback object at 0x1065f1f88>
\\\着火啦,救火啊\\\
class Open:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def __enter__(self):
print('出现with语句,对象的__enter__被触发,有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量')
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
print('with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊')
print(exc_type)
print(exc_val)
print(exc_tb)
return True
with Open('a.txt') as f:
print('=====>执行代码块')
raise AttributeError('***着火啦,救火啊***')
print('0' * 10) #------------------------------->会执行
出现with语句,对象的__enter__被触发,有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量
=====>执行代码块
with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊
<class ‘AttributeError‘>
***着火啦,救火啊***
<traceback object at 0x1062ab048>
0000000000
列子一
class Open:
def __init__(self, filepath, mode='r', encoding='utf-8'):
self.filepath = filepath
self.mode = mode
self.encoding = encoding
def __enter__(self):
# print('enter')
self.f = open(self.filepath, mode=self.mode, encoding=self.encoding)
return self.f
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
# print('exit')
self.f.close()
return True
def __getattr__(self, item):
return getattr(self.f, item)
with Open('a.txt', 'w') as f:
print(f)
f.write('aaaaaa')
f.wasdf #抛出异常,交给__exit__处理
<_io.TextIOWrapper name=‘a.txt‘ mode=‘w‘ encoding=‘utf-8‘>‘
列子二
class MyOpen(object):
def __init__(self,path):
self.path = path
def __enter__(self):
self.file = open(self.path)
print("enter.....")
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
print("exit...")
# print(exc_type,exc_val,exc_tb)
self.file.close()
return True
with MyOpen("a.txt") as m:
# print(m)
# print(m.file.read())
"123"+1
# m.file.read()
?1.使用with语句的目的就是把代码块放入with中执行,with结束后,自动完成清理工作,无须手动干预
?2.在需要管理一些资源比如文件,网络连接和锁的编程环境中,可以在__exit__中定制自动释放资源的机制,你无须再去关系这个问题,这将大有用处
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/suren-apan/p/11561907.html