python bs4+requests 实现大学排名爬取

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Mon Sep  9 10:55:55 2019

@author: Administrator
"""
import os
import requests
import bs4
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup


def main():
    url = "http://www.zuihaodaxue.com/zuihaodaxuepaiming2019.html"
    root = "d:/pictures//"
    path = root + url.split("/")[-1]
    writehtml(url, path)
    uinfo = []
    html = gethtmltext(url)
    fillunivlist(uinfo, html)
    printunivlist(uinfo, 50)
    
    
def writehtml(url, path):
    if (not os.path.exists(path)) or os.path.getsize(path) <= 0:
        r = requests.get(url)
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, "html.parser")
        with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f1:
            f1.write(soup.prettify())
            print("保存成功")
    else:
        print("文件已存在")

    
def gethtmltext(url):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url)
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        r.raise_for_status()
        return r.text
    except:
        return ""


def fillunivlist(ulist, html):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
    for tr in soup.find("tbody").children:
        # 判断tr是否是bs4定义的tag类型
        if isinstance(tr, bs4.element.Tag):
            # 将tr中所有的td标签变为列表
            tds = tr("td")
            ulist.append([tds[0].string, tds[1].string, tds[3].string])
#            ulist.append({"排名": tds[0].string, 
#                          "学校": tds[1].string, 
#                          "分数": tds[3].string})


def printunivlist(ulist, num):
    # print函数中的format格式化输出方法 
    # {:>10} 右对齐 不够10个字符的地方用英文空格填充
    # {:0>10} 右对齐 不够10个字符的地方用0填充
    # {:^10} 居中对齐 不够10个字符的地方用英文空格填充
    # {:chr(12288)^10} 居中对齐 不够10个字符的地方用中文空格填充
    # {:<10} 左对齐
    
　　#print("{:>5}{:>20}{:>5}".format("排名", "学校", "分数"))
    tl = "{0:^10}\t{1:{3}^10}\t{2:<4}"
    # chr(12288)为中文空格，用中文空格填充中文输出列，可以使排版整齐
    print(tl.format("排名", "学校名称", "分数", chr(12288)))
    for ul in ulist[:num]:
        print(tl.format(ul[0], ul[1], ul[2], chr(12288)))
#    for dic in ulist[:num]:
#        print("{:^5}{:^20}{:^8}".format(dic["排名"], dic["学校"], dic["分数"]))

    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()