Vagrant的运行,需要依赖某项具体的虚拟化技术,最常见的有以下几种:
打开任务管理器 -> 性能 -> CPU 查看虚拟化是否开启。
如果未开启,进入 bios 界面开启 CPU 虚拟化功能。
本文选择virtualbox做示例
下载地址:https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
下载地址:https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html
在 Vagrant 中,是通过把虚拟机打包成 box 来实现一致的、可重复的环境,基于同一个box,构建可以得到相同的环境。Vagrant 也分成两部分:一是 box 生命周期管理,二是虚拟机生命周期管理。
PS C:\Users\wangjie> vagrant box help
Usage: vagrant box <subcommand> [<args>]
Available subcommands:
add 添加box到本地vagrant环境
list 列出本地环境中所有的box
outdated 检查并更新所有本地环境中的box
prune 清理本地环境中的box
remove 删除本地环境中指定的box
repackage 重新打包本地环境中指定的box
update 更新打包本地环境中指定的box
PS C:\Users\wangjie> vagrant -h
Usage: vagrant [options] <command> [<args>]
-v, --version Print the version and exit.
-h, --help Print this help.
Common commands:
box manages boxes: installation, removal, etc.
cloud manages everything related to Vagrant Cloud
destroy stops and deletes all traces of the vagrant machine
global-status outputs status Vagrant environments for this user
halt stops the vagrant machine
help shows the help for a subcommand
init initializes a new Vagrant environment by creating a Vagrantfile
login
package packages a running vagrant environment into a box
plugin manages plugins: install, uninstall, update, etc.
port displays information about guest port mappings
powershell connects to machine via powershell remoting
provision provisions the vagrant machine
push deploys code in this environment to a configured destination
rdp connects to machine via RDP
reload restarts vagrant machine, loads new Vagrantfile configuration
resume resume a suspended vagrant machine
snapshot manages snapshots: saving, restoring, etc.
ssh connects to machine via SSH
ssh-config outputs OpenSSH valid configuration to connect to the machine
status outputs status of the vagrant machine
suspend suspends the machine
up starts and provisions the vagrant environment
upload upload to machine via communicator
validate validates the Vagrantfile
version prints current and latest Vagrant version
winrm executes commands on a machine via WinRM
winrm-config outputs WinRM configuration to connect to the machine
For help on any individual command run `vagrant COMMAND -h`
虚拟机管理命令通常在项目中 Vagrantfile 文件所在目录下运行,常用命令如下
vagrant init [box] 当前目录创建 Vagrantfile 文件,可以指定box
vagrant up [name] 通过 Vagrantfile 文件启动虚拟机
vagrant status [name] 查看虚拟机状态
vagrant ssh [name] ssh登录虚拟机
vagrant suspend [name] 挂起虚拟机
vagrant resume [name] 恢复挂起的虚拟机
vagrant reload [name] 重启虚拟机,应用新 Vagrantfile 文件
vagrant package [name] 把一个运行的虚拟机打包成 box
vagrant halt [name] 关闭虚拟机
vagrant destroy [name] 销毁虚拟机
Vagrant 命令使用很简单,关键在于复杂的环境配置在 Vagrant 中怎么体现。从上面可以看出,Vagrant 对于虚拟机的管理全部依赖于 Vagrantfile 文件的配置。当运行任何vagrant命令时,Vagrant 从当前目录开始向上查找它可以找到的第一个 Vagrantfile。例如:
D:\Study\Easy_install\vagrant_demo\Vagrantfile
D:\Study\Easy_install\Vagrantfile
D:\Study\Vagrantfile
D:\Vagrantfile
下面来学习 Vagrantfile 文件的编写:
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "centos/7"
end
这是通过 vagrant init centos/7 创建的最简单的 Vagrantfile。
启动后的虚拟机配置如下:
ENV["LC_ALL"] = "en_US.UTF-8"
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# ...
end
config.vm.define "test" do |node| # test Vagrant 识别的虚拟机名称
node.vm.box = "centos/7" # node Vagrantfile 识别的节点名称
node.vm.hostname="vmtest" # 虚拟机 hostname
end
node.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb| # 使用 VirtualBox 提供虚拟化
vb.name = "vbtest" # VirtualBox 识别的虚拟机名称
vb.memory = 2048 # 内存 2G
vb.cpus = 2 # CPU 2核
vb.gui = true # 启动图形化界面
vb.linked_clone = true # 链接克隆
end
node.ssh.username = "wangjie"
node.ssh.password = "123456"
端口转发: 网络地址转换
node.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, auto_correct: true
node.vm.usable_port_range = 8000..8999
私有网络: virtualbox__intnet 使用 virtualbox 内部网络
# 使用 host-only 网络
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.99.14", name: "VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter #2"
# 使用内部网络
config.vm.network "private_network", type: "dhcp", , virtualbox__intnet: true
公共网络: 桥接网卡
config.vm.network "public_network"
config.vm.network "public_network", use_dhcp_assigned_default_route: true
config.vm.network "public_network", bridge: [
"en1: Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9560",
"en6: Realtek Gaming GBE Family Controller",
]
支持 type:nfs、rsync、smb
# 第一个主机路径,可以是相对路径。第二个虚拟机路径,必须绝对路径
node.vm.synced_folder "src/", "/srv/website"
# 禁用同步
node.vm.synced_folder "src/", "/srv/website", disabled: true
node.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
# 设置所属用户/组
node.vm.synced_folder "src/", "/srv/website", owner: "root", group: "root"
文件上传
# 文件上传
node.vm.provision "file", type: "file", source: "~/.gitconfig", destination: ".gitconfig"
# 目录上传,不加尾部斜杠
node.vm.provision "file", source: "~/path/to/host/folder", destination: "$HOME/remote/newfolder"
shell 命令执行
# 内联脚本
node.vm.provision "bootstrap", type: "shell", inline: "echo Hello, World"
# 脚本参数
node.vm.provision "shell" do |s|
s.inline = "echo $1"
s.args = ["hello, world!"]
end
# 脚本定义
$script = <<-SCRIPT
echo I am provisioning...
date > /etc/vagrant_provisioned_at
SCRIPT
node.vm.provision "shell", inline: $script
# 外部脚本
node.vm.provision "shell", path: "script.sh"
# 普通用户执行
node.vm.provision "shell", privileged: false, path: "script.sh"
对于 provision 设置,在运行 vagrant up,vagrant provision和vagrant reload --provision 时可以应用 provision 配置。provision 默认只运行一次,可以设置标志 run: "always", 每次都运行。设置 run 为 never, 则运行 vagrant provision --provision-with [provision name]。
工作中经常用到虚拟机,总是来来回回折腾,虽然可以虚拟机克隆缩短时间,但是虚拟机里面的配置没有有效的办法保存。花点时间学习一下 Vagrant,将工作学习所需的虚拟机环境有效保存下来,避免重复劳动,也节约时间,让有限的时间花在有意义的事情上。
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.define "test" do |node|
node.vm.box = "centos/7"
node.vm.hostname="vmtest"
node.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, auto_correct: true
node.vm.usable_port_range = 8000..8999
node.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.99.150", name: "VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter #2"
node.vm.network "public_network"
node.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.name = "vb_test"
vb.memory = 2048
vb.cpus = 2
# vb.gui = true
vb.linked_clone = true
end
node.vm.synced_folder "share", "/home/vagrant/share", disabled: true
node.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
node.vm.provision "file", source: "test.sh", destination: "/home/vagrant/test.sh", run: "always"
node.vm.provision "shell", inline: "bash /home/vagrant/test.sh", run: "always"
node.vm.provision "shell", path: "test.sh", run: "always"
end
end
GitHub 地址:https://github.com/wj5633/Easy_install
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/wj5633/p/11222548.html