1 掌握mysqldump用法
2 掌握 mysqldump 完全备份，增量备份
3 掌握 mysqldump 恢复数据库，二进制日志即时点还原

二 实验环境

操作系统：CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
应用软件：percona-server-5.6.29-76.2

三 备份策略

周完全+每日增量
完全备份： 使用mysqldump备份所有库
增量备份： 备份二进制日志文件

四 模拟过程

4.1 实验前准备

导入jiaowu.sql 数据
[root@paul ~]# mysql < /root/jiaowu.sql
[root@paul ~]# mysql
mysql> show databases;
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.10 sec)
mysql> use jiaowu;

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_jiaowu |
+------------------+
| courses |
| scores |
| students |
| tutors |
+------------------+

4.2 用mysqldump 做完全备份

[root@paul ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --master-data=2 --lock-all-tables --flush-logs --all-databases > /root/alldatabases.sql

连接mysql

[root@paul ~]# mysql
 mysql> SHOW BINARY LOGS;

+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 10389 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 120 |
+------------------+-----------+

删掉旧二进制日志
mysql> PURGE BINARY LOGS TO ‘mysql-bin.000002‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

4.3 第一天增量备份

模拟数据库修改，删掉部分数据

[root@paul ~]# mysql
mysql> use jiaowu;
mysql> SELECT * FROM tutors;

+-----+--------------+--------+------+
| TID | Tname | Gender | Age |
+-----+--------------+--------+------+
| 1 | HongQigong | M | 93 |
| 2 | HuangYaoshi | M | 63 |
| 3 | Miejueshitai | F | 72 |
| 4 | OuYangfeng | M | 76 |
| 5 | YiDeng | M | 90 |
| 6 | YuCanghai | M | 56 |
| 7 | Jinlunfawang | M | 67 |
| 8 | HuYidao | M | 42 |
| 9 | NingZhongze | F | 49 |
+-----+--------------+--------+------+

mysql> DELETE FROM tutors WHERE Age>90;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH LOGS;

mysql> SHOW BINARY LOGS;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 390 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 120 |
+------------------+-----------+
mysql> quit;
[root@paul ~]# ls -l /data/mysql
[root@paul ~]# cp -a /data/mysql/mysql-bin.000002 /root/
将二进制日志文件转换为sql脚本
[root@paul ~]# mysqlbinlog /root/mysql-bin.000002 > /root/mon-incremental.sql

4.4 第二天数据库增量备份

[root@paul ~]# mysql

mysql> use jiaowu;
mysql> INSERT INTO tutors (Tname) VALUES (‘stu123‘);
mysql> FLUSH LOGS;
mysql> SHOW BINARY LOGS;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 390 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 435 |
| mysql-bin.000004 | 120 |
+------------------+-----------+
mysql> QUIT;

备份第二天二进制日志文件
[root@paul ~]# cp -a /data/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 /root/

4.5 删掉数据库，模拟数据损坏（已提前备份好数据和二进制日志文件）

[root@paul ~]# rm -rf /data/mysql/*
[root@paul ~]# service mysqld stop
MySQL (Percona Server) PID file could not be found! [FAILED]
[root@paul ~]# killall mysqld
初始化mysql

[root@paul ~]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db
--user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
[root@paul ~]# service mysqld start

4.6 还原完全备份

[root@paul ~]# mysql -uroot -p < /root/alldatabases.sql

4.7 恢复第一天增量备份

[root@paul ~]# mysqlbinlog /root/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot –p

4.8 恢复第二天增量备份

[root@paul ~]# mysqlbinlog /root/mysql-bin.000003 | mysql -uroot -p

mysqldump完全备份 和 二进制即时点还原数据库

原文：http://blog.51cto.com/437549/2330106