Lambdas并不是新概念,在其它语言中已经烂大街了。直接进入主题,先看语法:
[ captures ] ( params ) specifiers exception attr -> ret { body }    (1) 
[ captures ] ( params ) -> ret { body }                              (2) 
[ captures ] ( params ) { body }                                     (3) 
[ captures ] { body }                                                (4) 
| 格式 | 意义 | 
|---|---|
| [] | 默认不捕获任何变量 | 
| [=] | 默认以值捕获所有变量 | 
| [&] | 默认以引用捕获所有变量 | 
| [x] | 仅以值捕获x,其它变量不捕获 | 
| [&x] | 仅以引用捕获x,其它变量不捕获 | 
| [=, &x] | 默认以值捕获所有变量,但是x是例外,通过引用捕获 | 
| [&, x] | 默认以引用捕获所有变量,但是x是例外,通过值捕获 | 
| [this] | 通过引用捕获当前对象(其实是复制指针) | 
| [*this] | 通过传值方式捕获当前对象 | 
Lambdas重在使用,所以下面直接上实例,由浅入深的介绍使用方法。
[]{
    std::cout<< "hello world!" <<std::endl;
}[]{
    std::cout<< "hello world!" <<std::endl;
}();auto l = []{
    std::cout<< "hello world!" <<std::endl;
};
l();auto l = [](const std::string &s){
    std::cout<< s <<std::endl;
};
l("hello world!");[] -> double{
    return 42;
}等价于
[]{
    return 42;
}如果不指定返回类型,C++11也可以自动推断类型。
int x = 0;
int y = 42;
auto f = [x, &y] {
            std::cout<<"x:" << x << std::endl;
            std::cout<<"y:" << y << std::endl;
            ++y;
            //++x;//Error
         };
x = y = 77;
f();
f();
std::cout<< "final y: " << y <<std::endl;输出
x:0
y:77
x:0
y:78
final y: 79int x = 0;
int y = 42;
auto f = [=] {
            std::cout<<"x:" << x << std::endl;
            std::cout<<"y:" << y << std::endl;
            //++y;//Error
            //++x;//Error
         };
x = y = 77;
f();
f();
std::cout<< "final y: " << y <<std::endl;输出
x:0
y:42
x:0
y:42
final y: 77int x = 0;
int y = 42;
auto f = [&] {
            std::cout<<"x:" << x << std::endl;
            std::cout<<"y:" << y << std::endl;
            ++y;//Error
            ++x;//Error
         };
x = y = 77;
f();
f();
std::cout<< "final x: " << x <<std::endl;
std::cout<< "final y: " << y <<std::endl;输出
x:77
y:77
x:78
y:78
final x: 79
final y: 79std::vector<int> vec = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
double total = 0;
//inclucde 'algorithm' for foreach
std::foreach(begin(vec), end(vec),
    [&](int x) {
        total += x;
    });
std::cout<<"total:"<< total <<std::endl;输出:
total:15struct Point{
    double x,y;
    Point(){
        x = (rand() % 10000) - 5000;
        y = (rand() % 10000) - 5000;
    }
    void Print(){
        std::cout<<"["<<x<<","<<y<<"]"<<std::endl;
    }
};
int count = 10;
std::vector<Point> points;
for( auto i = 0; i < 10 ; i++ ) points.push_back(Point());
cout<<"Unsorted:"<<endl;
for( auto i = 0; i < 10 ; i++ ) points[i].Print();
std::sort(points.begin(), points.end(),
    [](const Point& a, const Point& b) -> bool{
        return (a.x * a.x) + (a.y * a.y) < (b.x * b.x) + (b.y * b.y);
    });
cout<<"Sorted:"<<endl;
for( auto i = 0; i < 10 ; i++ ) points[i].Print();输出:
Unsorted:
[4383,-4114]
[-2223,1915]
[2793,3335]
[386,-4508]
[1649,-3579]
[-2638,-4973]
[3690,-4941]
[2763,-1074]
[-4460,-1574]
[4172,736]
Sorted:
[-2223,1915]
[2763,-1074]
[1649,-3579]
[4172,736]
[2793,3335]
[386,-4508]
[-4460,-1574]
[-2638,-4973]
[4383,-4114]
[3690,-4941]//include<functional>
std::function<int(int,int)> returnLambda (){
    return [](int x, int y){
                return x*y;
            };
}
auto lf = returnLambda();
std::cout<< lf(6,7) << std::endl;void PerformOperation( function<void()> f ){
    f();
}
int main(){
    int x = 100;
    auto func = [&](){ x++;};
    PerformOperation(func);
    std::cout<< "x:" << x << std::endl;
    return 0;
}输出:
x:101C++11 带来的新特性 (4)—— 匿名函数(Lambdas)
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/sword03/p/10022964.html