目录
git config --global user.name "Your name"
git config --global user.email "email@example.com"
root@kali:~/Documents# mkdir test
root@kali:~/Documents# cd test/
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /root/Documents/test/.git/
root@kali:~/Documents/test# ls -la
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 13 10:40 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 13 10:40 ..
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Jul 13 10:40 .git
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
看到,多了一个.git文件夹,轻易不要修改
root@kali:~/Documents/test# echo "this is first commit" >> README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git add README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git commit -m "first commit"
[master (root-commit) 5399ca6] first commit
Committer: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Your name and email address were configured automatically based
on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.
You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the
following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit
your configuration file:
git config --global --edit
After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:
git commit --amend --reset-author
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
commit 可以一次提交多个文件,所以可以经过多次add单个文件后一起commit
git add其实是将修改加到缓存区,而commit是将缓存区的修改提交给仓库
root@kali:~/Documents/test# echo "second commot" >> README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: README.md
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
可以看到README.md已经被修改,但是还不知道被做了哪些修改
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git diff README.md
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 2ed441a..b8254f4 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
this is first commit
+second commot
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
可以看到,修改内容是在第二行加了second commot
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git add README.md
无输出
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git commit -m "add second"
[master 22bae0c] add second
Committer: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Your name and email address were configured automatically based
on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.
You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the
following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit
your configuration file:
git config --global --edit
After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:
git commit --amend --reset-author
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
git告诉我们当前没有需要提交的内容
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git log
commit 5ccca74437dd2943368adbd7b46776e45e87e76d (HEAD -> master)
Author: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Date: Fri Jul 13 11:03:42 2018 -0400
add third
commit 22bae0cda96e33739fcf0a7e7b2a459130784839
Author: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Date: Fri Jul 13 10:59:07 2018 -0400
add second
commit 5399ca651eeb6c295332cd117be0ed5d72c4dfa8
Author: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Date: Fri Jul 13 10:50:11 2018 -0400
first commit
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git log --pretty=oneline # 单行输出,美观直观
5ccca74437dd2943368adbd7b46776e45e87e76d (HEAD -> master) add third
22bae0cda96e33739fcf0a7e7b2a459130784839 add second
5399ca651eeb6c295332cd117be0ed5d72c4dfa8 first commit
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
可以看到有三次提交
commit后的字符串是commit id
git中,HEAD表示当前版本,HEAD^是上一个版本,HEAD^^是上上一版本,HEAD~100是上100个版本
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git reset --hard HEAD^
HEAD is now at 22bae0c add second
root@kali:~/Documents/test# cat README.md
this is first commit
second commot
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git log
commit 22bae0cda96e33739fcf0a7e7b2a459130784839 (HEAD -> master)
Author: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Date: Fri Jul 13 10:59:07 2018 -0400
add second
commit 5399ca651eeb6c295332cd117be0ed5d72c4dfa8
Author: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Date: Fri Jul 13 10:50:11 2018 -0400
first commit
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git reflog # git命令历史纪录,可以找到commit id
5ccca74 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to 5ccca
22bae0c HEAD@{1}: reset: moving to HEAD^
5ccca74 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{2}: commit: add third
22bae0c HEAD@{3}: commit: add second
5399ca6 HEAD@{4}: commit (initial): first commit
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git reset --hard 5ccca
HEAD is now at 5ccca74 add third
root@kali:~/Documents/test# cat README.md
this is first commit
second commot
third commit
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
本地文件夹就是工作区,.git目录就是版本库,
git add命令实际上是把修改放到缓存区,然后git commit会将缓存区的所有修改一次性提交到分支。
修改后add, 然后再修改,然后直接commit, 这时第二次修改并不会被提交
root@kali:~/Documents/test# echo "Error" >> README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# cat README.md
this is first commit
second commot
third commit
Error
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: README.md
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git checkout -- README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# cat README.md
this is first commit
second commot
third commit
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
git checkout --
如果修改已经add到缓存区,则怎么办呢???
root@kali:~/Documents/test# echo "Error" >> README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git add README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git reset HEAD README.md
Unstaged changes after reset:
M README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: README.md
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git checkout -- README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# cat README.md
this is first commit
second commot
third commit
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
先git reset HEAD README.md,再git checkout -- README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# touch test.txt
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git add test.txt
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git commot -m "add test.txt"
git: ‘commot‘ is not a git command. See ‘git --help‘.
The most similar command is
commit
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
root@kali:~/Documents/test# rm test.txt
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
new file: test.txt
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
deleted: test.txt
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git rm test.txt
rm ‘test.txt‘
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git commit -m "remove test.txt"
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
先rm 本地文件,再git rm 仓库文件,最后commit
root@kali:~/Documents/test# touch test.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git add test.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git commit -m "add test.md"
[master a62fe29] add test.md
Committer: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Your name and email address were configured automatically based
on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.
You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the
following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit
your configuration file:
git config --global --edit
After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:
git commit --amend --reset-author
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 test.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
root@kali:~/Documents/test# rm test.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
deleted: test.md
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git checkout -- test.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# ls
README.md test.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
直接用git checkout -- test.md还原即可
可以把本地已有的仓库和github库关联
git remote add origin https://github.com/b4zinga/Lance.git
将所有内容推送到远程仓库
git push -u origin master
第一次推送master时,加上
-u
参数,Git不但会把本地的master分支内容推送的远程新的master分支,还会把本地的master分支和远程的master分支关联起来,在以后的推送或者拉取时就可以简化命令。
以后只要本地有commit,就可以通过git push origin master
将本地master分支的最新修改推送至github.
git clone https://github.com/b4zinga/Lance.git
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git checkout -b dev
Switched to a new branch ‘dev‘
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
-b 参数表示创建并切换
相当于
git branch dev
创建分支,然后git checkout dev
转换分支两条命令
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git branch
* dev
master
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
当前分支前会有*
root@kali:~/Documents/test# echo "new beanch" >> README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git add README.md
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git commit -m "branch"
[dev bae88b5] branch
Committer: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Your name and email address were configured automatically based
on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.
You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the
following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit
your configuration file:
git config --global --edit
After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:
git commit --amend --reset-author
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git checkout master
Switched to branch ‘master‘
root@kali:~/Documents/test# cat README.md
this is first commit
second commot
third commit
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
在dev分支修改,提交后转换到master,可以看到master上文件无变化
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git merge dev
Updating a62fe29..bae88b5
Fast-forward
README.md | 1 +
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
root@kali:~/Documents/test# cat README.md
this is first commit
second commot
third commit
new beanch
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
git merge用于将指定分支合并到当前分支
Fast-forward指本次合并是“快进模式”
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git branch -d dev
Deleted branch dev (was bae88b5).
root@kali:~/Documents/test# git branch
* master
root@kali:~/Documents/test#
reference: https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/0x4D75/p/9308027.html