首先画了一个比较简单的Linux开机过程的流程图,如下所示:
接下来简单介绍一下整个开机的流程
[root@lnmp ~]# dd if=/dev/sda of=mbr.bin bs=512 count=1     #<==将MBR内容写入到mbr.bin文件中
[root@lnmp ~]# hexdump -C mbr.bin                           #<==读取MBR文件的内容
00000000  eb 48 90 10 8e d0 bc 00  b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0  |.H..............|
00000010  fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9  00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00  |...|.........!..|
00000020  00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b  83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75  |....8.u........u|
00000030  f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb  00 7c b2 80 8a 74 03 02  |.........|...t..|
00000040  80 00 00 80 04 81 00 00  00 08 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80  |................|
00000050  75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00  00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc  |u....Y|..1......|
00000060  00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff  74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80  |. ..@|<.t...R...|
00000070  74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd  13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55  |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U|
00000080  aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0  75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66  |.uC.A|..u....t7f|
00000090  8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44  ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7  |.L...|.D..f..D|.|
000000a0  04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00  66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00  |....D...f.\..D..|
000000b0  70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66  89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72  |pf1..D.f.D..B..r|
000000c0  05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08  cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f  |...p.}....s.....|
000000d0  84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05  7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0  |........|.D..f1.|
000000e0  88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31  d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8  |..@f.D.1........|
000000f0  88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0  88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04  |..@.D.1......f..|
00000100  66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66  f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2  |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.|
00000110  66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89  44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a  |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.|
00000120  54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a  fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a  |T.....L......l.Z|
00000130  8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3  31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72  |.t...p..1......r|
00000140  2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60  1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6  |*....H|`......1.|
00000150  31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff  26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40  |1.....a.&B|..}.@|
00000160  00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38  00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30  |.....}.8.....}.0|
00000170  00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb  fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47  |...}.*...GRUB .G|
00000180  65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64  20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65  |eom.Hard Disk.Re|
00000190  61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f  72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd  |ad. Error.......|
000001a0  10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..<.u...........|
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  1d ba 08 00 00 00 80 20  |............... |
000001c0  21 00 83 9f 06 19 00 08  00 00 00 40 06 00 00 9f  |!..........@....|
000001d0  07 19 82 b4 56 1e 00 48  06 00 00 00 40 00 00 b4  |....V..H....@...|
000001e0  57 1e 83 fe ff ff 00 48  46 00 00 b8 39 02 00 00  |W......HF...9...|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200[root@lnmp ~]# cat /etc/grub.conf       #<==查看grub菜单中的内容
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that
#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#          root (hd0,0)
#          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda3
#          initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda     #<==这里说明了分区所在位置
default=0               #<==菜单项0表示第一项,如果是多系统可以修改此选项
timeout=5              #<==在菜单到自动启动系统前的停留时间,单位为sec,可按需分配
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz      #<==启动菜单的背景图标
hiddenmenu      
hiddenmenu
title CentOS (2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64)      #<==启动项目名称,可随意修改
root (hd0,0)      #<==root所在的位置,hd0,0参考磁盘在linux下的命名与定义
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=5d8f1941-33a9-42b5-9b2f-2ed8f87ef31f rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img     #<==内核的具体参数配置等[root@lnmp ~]# ps -ef |grep -v grep |grep init
root          1      0  0 Apr21 ?        00:00:00 /sbin/init[root@lnmp ~]# egrep -v "#" /etc/inittab        #<==查看除注释以外的内容 
id:3:initdefault:                                                #<==定义了系统启动时的runlevel级别原文:http://blog.51cto.com/13178102/2115513