前面我们已经通过jenkins+docker搭建了基本的持续集成环境,实现了服务的自动构建和部署,但是,我们遇到一个问题,jenkins构建出来的镜像部署后,需要通过ip:port去访问,有什么更好的方法吗?肯定是通过域名啊!前提是你注册一个域名,或者修改机器hosts文件。
本文介绍通过引入etcd+confd实现部署服务的自动注册,自动生成nginx配置文件,实现每个服务独立域名访问。
配置域名
假设你的域名是: example.com,那么我们可以规划
- dev.$servicename.example.com作为开发环境,
- test.$servicename.example.comz作为服务的测试环境。
配置步骤:
- 首先将*.example.com 指向一台nginx服务器
- 增加vhost配置文件,假设86.6,86.8,86.11 是docker swarm集群中的机器,服务的名称为allinoneservice,那么我们可以增加一个配置文件nginx_vhosts/service.conf:
    upstream test_service_allinoneservice {
        server 192.168.86.11:10091;
        server 192.168.86.6:10091;
        server 192.168.86.8:10091;
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name test.allinoneservice.example.com;
        location / {
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_read_timeout 300;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $http_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://test_service_allinoneservice;
        }
    }
- 
修改nginx配置文件nginx.conf,在最后一个大括号前,将刚新建的配置文件包含进去: include nginx_vhosts/*.conf;
- 
重启nginx,就可以通过test.allinoneservice.example.com访问服务了 
通过服务注册自动生成配置文件
第一步里,我们需要手动编写配置文件,有更好的方式吗?答案是通过服务注册+confd,自动生成配置文件。
docker 安装etcd集群
首先,docker安装etcd作为注册中心,我们安装一个包含3个实例的集群,编写docker-compose.yml:
version: ‘3‘
services:
  etcd0:
    image: 192.168.86.8:5000/etcd
    ports:
      - "2379:2379"
    volumes:
      - etcd0:/etcd_data
    command:
      - /usr/local/bin/etcd
      - -name
      - etcd0
      - --data-dir
      - /etcd_data
      - -advertise-client-urls
      - http://etcd0:2379
      - -listen-client-urls
      - http://0.0.0.0:2379
      - -initial-advertise-peer-urls
      - http://etcd0:2380
      - -listen-peer-urls
      - http://0.0.0.0:2380
      - -initial-cluster
      - etcd0=http://etcd0:2380,etcd1=http://etcd1:2380,etcd2=http://etcd2:2380
  etcd1:
    image: 192.168.86.8:5000/etcd
    ports:
      - "2380:2379"
    volumes:
      - etcd1:/etcd_data
    command:
      - /usr/local/bin/etcd
      - -name
      - etcd1
      - --data-dir
      - /etcd_data
      - -advertise-client-urls
      - http://etcd1:2379
      - -listen-client-urls
      - http://0.0.0.0:2379
      - -initial-advertise-peer-urls
      - http://etcd1:2380
      - -listen-peer-urls
      - http://0.0.0.0:2380
      - -initial-cluster
      - etcd0=http://etcd0:2380,etcd1=http://etcd1:2380,etcd2=http://etcd2:2380
  etcd2:
    image: 192.168.86.8:5000/etcd
    ports:
      - "2381:2379"
    volumes:
      - etcd2:/etcd_data
    command:
      - /usr/local/bin/etcd
      - -name
      - etcd2
      - --data-dir
      - /etcd_data
      - -advertise-client-urls
      - http://etcd2:2379
      - -listen-client-urls
      - http://0.0.0.0:2379
      - -initial-advertise-peer-urls
      - http://etcd2:2380
      - -listen-peer-urls
      - http://0.0.0.0:2380
      - -initial-cluster
      - etcd0=http://etcd0:2380,etcd1=http://etcd1:2380,etcd2=http://etcd2:2380
volumes:
  etcd0:
  etcd1:
  etcd2:注意,上面的image: 192.168.86.8:5000/etcd 是用的私有仓库,大家可以使用官方版本quay.io/coreos/etcd
然后启动etcd:
docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml etcd服务注册
etcd注册就简单了,可以通过etcd的rest api,例如:
curl http://192.168.86.11:2379/v2/keys/services/test/allinoneservice/service1 -XPUT -d value="192.168.86.8:10091"所以,我们修改一下jenkins里的docker部署脚本,服务部署后自动向etcd注册,由于是swarm集群,因此我们可以注册多个ip。
echo "start remove old service"
docker service rm  ${service_name}-${env}
echo "start create new service with latest builded image"
docker service create --name ${service_name}-${env} --replicas ${replicas} --publish ${service_port}:${docker_expose_port} 192.168.86.8:5000/${service_name}-${env}
echo "publish service to nginx"
curl http://192.168.86.11:2379/v2/keys/services/${env}/${service_name}/service1 -XPUT -d value="192.168.86.8:${service_port}"
curl http://192.168.86.11:2379/v2/keys/services/${env}/${service_name}/service2 -XPUT -d value="192.168.86.11:${service_port}"
curl http://192.168.86.11:2379/v2/keys/services/${env}/${service_name}/service3 -XPUT -d value="192.168.86.6:${service_port}"注意,上面的service_name是jenkins参数化构建里定义的参数:

通过confd生成nginx配置文件
confd 是一个配置文件生成工具,可以从etcd、consul等注册中心读取数据根据模板生成配置文件,并在配置发生变化后自动更新配置文件,还能自动重启服务,是服务自动发现的居家必备良药。
首先讲下怎么安装,根据官方文档:
wget https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd/releases/download/v0.14.0/confd-0.14.0-linux-amd64
mkdir -p /opt/confd/bin
mv confd-0.14.0-linux-amd64 /opt/confd/bin/confd
chmod +x /opt/confd/bin/confd
export PATH="$PATH:/opt/confd/bin"为了方便使用,最好修改下/etc/profile,加入export PATH="$PATH:/opt/confd/bin",然后source /etc/profile让配置生效。
然后编写confd配置文件/etc/confd/conf.d/myapp-nginx.toml:
[template]
src = "nginx.conf.tmpl"
dest = "/opt/third_party/nginx_vhosts/service.conf"
keys = [
    "/services/dev",
    "/services/test",
]
reload_cmd = "/opt/third_party/sbin/nginx -s reload"上面配置了,会读取的keys,以及dest目标配置文件地址,和配置文件更新后的reload_cmd,用于重启nginx
接着编写模板文件
{{range $dir := lsdir "/services/test"}}
upstream test_service_{{base $dir}} {
    {{$custdir := printf "/services/test/%s/*" $dir}}{{range getvs $custdir}}
    server {{.}};
    {{end}}
}
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name test.{{base $dir}}.iflyresearch.com;
    location / {
        proxy_redirect off;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_read_timeout 300;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $http_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_pass http://test_service_{{base $dir}};
    }
}
{{end}}上面的模板比较简单,通过lsdir指令读取服务列表,然后通过range getvs获取服务对应的负载地址。
然后启动confd,需要指定etcd的地址:
nohup confd -backend etcd -node http://192.168.86.11:2379 &搞定!
为了规范代码,我们一般会集成静态代码检测工具,比如PMD、FindBugs、Checkstyle,那么Jenkins如何集成这些检查工具,并把检查结果放到构建邮件里呢?
今天做了调研和实现,过程如下
首先看,最终效果:

1.pom.xml
build。plugins 增加:
<plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <finalName>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}</finalName>
                            <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
                            <descriptors>
                                <descriptor>src/assembly/assembly-descriptor.xml</descriptor>
                            </descriptors>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                <artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.5</version>
                <configuration>
                    <threshold>High</threshold>
                    <effort>Default</effort>
                    <findbugsXmlOutput>true</findbugsXmlOutput>
                    <findbugsXmlWithMessages>true</findbugsXmlWithMessages>
                    <xmlOutput>true</xmlOutput>
                    <formats><format>html</format></formats>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-pmd-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8</version>
            </plugin>reporting 增加:
    <reporting>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.0</version>
                <reportSets>
                    <reportSet>
                        <reports>
                            <report>checkstyle</report>
                        </reports>
                    </reportSet>
                </reportSets>
            </plugin>
            <!--pmd-->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-pmd-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <linkXref>true</linkXref>
                    <sourceEncoding>utf-8</sourceEncoding>
                    <minimumTokens>100</minimumTokens>
                    <targetJdk>1.8</targetJdk>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>**/*Bean.java</exclude>
                        <exclude>**/generated/*.java</exclude>
                    </excludes>
                    <excludeRoots>
                        <excludeRoot>target/generated-sources/stubs</excludeRoot>
                    </excludeRoots>
                </configuration>
                <version>3.8</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jxr-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.5</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-report-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.14.1</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                <artifactId>cobertura-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </reporting>2 jenkins设置
2.1 安装相关插件
直接搜索安装:
- Checkstyle Plug-in
- PMD Plug-in
- FindBugs Plug-in
- Static Analysis Collector Plug-in
邮件插件安装:
- Email Extension Plugin
- Email Extension Template Plugin
2.2 项目配置
maven构建Goals设置为:
pmd:pmd checkstyle:checkstyle findbugs:findbugs package -DskipTests
在构建设置里,勾上
- Publish Checkstyle analysis results
- Publish FindBugs analysis results
- Publish PMD analysis results
构建后操作,添加Publish combined static analysis results,默认设置即可。
2.3 邮件配置
首先在系统设置里,配置Extended E-mail Notification部分
设置:
- Default Subject : 自动构建通知:$PROJECT_NAME - Build # $BUILD_NUMBER - $BUILD_STATUS!
- Default Content: ${JELLY_SCRIPT, template="analysis.jelly"}
剩下的自己配置下SMTP和收件人。
这里邮件内容使用analysis.jelly,使用jelly script,系统没有这个模板,我们需要配置一下:
打开系统管理-Managed files,增加一个Extended Email Publisher Jelly Template
模板文件如下,该模板修改自官方的模板,做了一定的本地化和样式调整:
<?jelly escape-by-default=‘true‘?>
<j:jelly xmlns:j="jelly:core" xmlns:st="jelly:stapler" xmlns:d="jelly:define">
  <html>
    <head>
      <title>${project.name}</title>
      <style>
        body table, td, th, p, h1, h2 {
        margin:0;
        font:normal normal
        100% Georgia, Serif;
        }
        h1, h2 {
        border-bottom:dotted 1px #999999;
        padding:5px;
        margin-bottom:10px;
        color: #000000;
        font: normal bold 130%
        Georgia,Serif;
        background-color:#f0f0f0;
        }
        tr.gray {
        background-color:#f0f0f0;
        }
        h2 {
        padding:5px;
        margin-top:5px;
        margin-bottom:5px;
        font: italic bold 110% Georgia,Serif;
        }
        .bg2 {
        color:black;
        background-color:#E0E0E0;
        font-size:110%
        }
        th {
        font-weight: bold;
        }
        tr, td, th {
        padding:2px;
        }
        td.test_passed {
        color:blue;
        }
        td.test_failed {
        color:red;
        }
        td.center {
          text-align: center;
        }
        td.test_skipped {
        color:grey;
        }
        .console {
        font: normal normal 90% Courier New,
        monotype;
        padding:0px;
        margin:0px;
        }
        div.content, div.header {
        background: #ffffff;
        border: dotted
        1px #666;
        margin: 2px;
        content:
        2px;
        padding: 2px;
        }
        table.border, th.border, td.border {
        border:
        1px solid black;
        border-collapse:collapse;
        }
        .round_border{margin-bottom:5px;-webkit-border-radius:6px;-moz-border-radius:6px;border-radius:6px;margin-top:0;font-size:14px;padding:6px;border:1px solid #ccc}
.status{background-color:<j:choose><j:when test="${build.result==‘SUCCESS‘}">green</j:when><j:otherwise>red</j:otherwise></j:choose>;font-size:28px;font-weight:bold;color:white;height:52px;margin-bottom:18px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border-collapse:collapse;background-repeat:no-repeat}
.status .info{color:white!important;text-shadow:0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.3);font-size:32px;line-height:36px;padding:8px 0}
      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="status">
          <p class="info">${project.name}构建<j:choose><j:when test="${build.result==‘SUCCESS‘}">成功</j:when><j:otherwise>失败</j:otherwise></j:choose></p>
      </div>
      <div class="header round_border">
        <j:set var="spc" value="  " />
        <h1>基本信息</h1>
        <table>
          <tr>
            <td>构建地址</td>
            <td>
              <a href="${rooturl}${build.url}">${rooturl}${build.url}</a>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>项目:</td>
            <td>${project.name}</td>
          