简单的介绍一下,我使用MongoDB的场景。
我们现在的物联网环境下,有部分数据,采样频率为2000条记录/分钟,这样下来一天24*60*2000=2880000约等于300万条数据,以后必然还会增加。之前数据库使用的是mssql,对于数据库的压力很大,同时又需要保证历史查询的响应速度,这种情况下,在单表中数据量大,同时存在读写操作。不得已采用MongoDB来存储数据。如果使用MongoDB,则至少需要三台机器,两台实现读写分离,一台作为仲裁(当然条件不允许也可以不用),每台机器的内存暂时配置在16G,公司小,没办法,据说,使用这个MongoDB需要机器内存最少92G,我没有验证过,但是吃内存是公认的,所以内存绝对要保证,就算保证了,也不一定完全就没有意外发生。我们上面的这些特殊的数据是允许少量的丢失的,这些只是做分析使用的,几个月了,暂时还没出现数据丢失的情况,可能最新版本早就修复了吧,新手使用建议多看下官网上的说明。下面直接奔入主题:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using MongoDB.Bson;
using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization.Attributes;
using ProtoBuf;
namespace UnitoonIot.Mongo
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 实体基类,方便生成ObjId
    /// </summary>
    [Serializable]
    [ProtoContract(ImplicitFields = ImplicitFields.AllPublic)]
   //[ProtoInclude(10, typeof(NormalHistory))]
    public class BaseEntity
    {
        //[BsonRepresentation(BsonType.ObjectId)]
        public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 数据库名称
        /// </summary>
        public string DbName { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 给对象初值
        /// </summary>
        public BaseEntity()
        {
           // this.ObjId = ObjectId.GenerateNewId().ToString();
            //this.Id = ObjectId.NewObjectId().ToString();
        }
    }
}
这里需要注意时间格式,MongoDB默认时间格式为国际时间,所以在写入数据时和读取数据时,时间格式要一致,此例中没有对时间进行特殊处理,由传入的时间格式确定。
2.Repository继承接口IMongoRepository
namespace UnitoonIot.Mongo
{
   public interface IMongoRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : class
    {
    }
}
3.MongoRepository
namespace UnitoonIot.Mongo
{
    public class MongoDb
    {
        private static  string ConnectionStringHost ;
        private static  string UserName ;
        private static  string Password;
        private static IMongoDatabase _db = null;
        private static readonly object LockHelper = new object();
        /// <summary>
        /// mongodb初始化
        /// </summary>
        public static void Init()
        {
            ConnectionStringHost = "10.1.5.24:27016,10.1.5.24:27016,10.1.5.26:27017";
            //AppSettings.GetConfigValue("MongoHost");//"10.1.5.24:27016";
            UserName = AppSettings.GetConfigValue("MongoUserName");
            Password = AppSettings.GetConfigValue("MongoPwd");
        }
        static MongoDb()
        {
         
        }
       public static IMongoDatabase GetDb(string dbName,string options=null)
        {
        
            if (_db != null) return _db;
            lock (LockHelper)
            {
                if (_db != null) return _db;
                var database = dbName;
                var userName = UserName;
                var password = Password;
                var authentication = string.Empty;
                var host = string.Empty;
                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(userName))
                {
                    authentication = string.Concat(userName, ‘:‘, password, ‘@‘);
                }
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(options) && !options.StartsWith("?"))
                {
                    options = string.Concat(‘?‘, options);
                }
                host = string.IsNullOrEmpty(ConnectionStringHost) ? "localhost" : ConnectionStringHost;
                database = database ?? "testdb";
                //mongodb://[username:password@]host1[:port1][,host2[:port2],…[,hostN[:portN]]][/[database][?options]]
                var conString = options!=null? $"mongodb://{authentication}{host}/{database}{options}"
                    : $"mongodb://{authentication}{host}/{database}";
                var url = new MongoUrl(conString);
                var mcs = MongoClientSettings.FromUrl(url);
                mcs.MaxConnectionLifeTime = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1000);
                var client = new MongoClient(mcs);
                             
                _db = client.GetDatabase(url.DatabaseName);
            }
            return _db;
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// MongoDb 数据库操作类
    /// </summary>
    public class MongoRepository<T>: IMongoRepository<T> where T :  BaseEntity
    {
        #region readonly field
        /// <summary>
        /// 表名
        /// </summary>
        private readonly IMongoCollection<T> _collection = null;
        /// <summary>
        /// 数据库对象
        /// </summary>
        private readonly IMongoDatabase _database;
        #endregion
        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        public MongoRepository()
        {
            this._database = MongoDb.GetDb(Activator.CreateInstance<T>().DbName, "readPreference =secondaryPreferred ");//primaryPreferred/secondaryPreferred/nearest
            _collection = _database.GetCollection<T>(typeof(T).Name);
        }
     
        #region 增加
        /// <summary>
        /// 插入对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="t">插入的对象</param>
        public virtual T Insert(T t)
        {
           // var flag = ObjectId.GenerateNewId();
           // t.GetType().GetProperty("Id").SetValue(t, flag);    
            //t.Time = DateTime.Now;
            _collection.InsertOne(t);
            return t;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 批量插入
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ts">要插入的对象集合</param>
        public virtual IEnumerable<T> InsertBatch(IEnumerable<T> ts)
        {
            _collection.InsertMany(ts);
            return ts;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 插入对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="t">插入的对象</param>
        public virtual  void InsertAsync(T t)
        {
            //var flag = ObjectId.GenerateNewId();
           // t.GetType().GetProperty("Id").SetValue(t, flag);
           // t.Time = DateTime.Now;
             _collection.InsertOneAsync(t);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 批量插入
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ts">要插入的对象集合</param>
        public virtual void InsertBatchAsync(IEnumerable<T> ts)
        {
             _collection.InsertManyAsync(ts);
        }
        #endregion
        #region 删除
        /// <summary>
        /// 删除
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual long Delete(T t)
        {
            var filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("Id", t.Id);
            var result = _collection.DeleteOne(filter);
            return result.DeletedCount;          
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 删除
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual  void DeleteAsync(T t)
        {
            var filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("Id", t.Id);
            _collection.DeleteOneAsync(filter);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 按条件表达式删除
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">条件表达式</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual long Delete(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate)
        {
            var result = _collection.DeleteOne(predicate);
            return result.DeletedCount;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 按条件表达式删除
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">条件表达式</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual  void DeleteAsync(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate)
        {
           _collection.DeleteOneAsync(predicate);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 按条件表达式批量删除
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">条件表达式</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual long DeleteBatch(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate)
        {
            var result = _collection.DeleteMany(predicate);
            return result.DeletedCount;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 按条件表达式批量删除
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">条件表达式</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual  void DeleteBatchAsync(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate)
        {
             _collection.DeleteManyAsync(predicate);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 按检索条件删除
        /// 建议用Builders<T>构建复杂的查询条件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual long Delete(FilterDefinition<T> filter)
        {
            var result = _collection.DeleteOne(filter);
            return result.DeletedCount;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 按检索条件删除
        /// 建议用Builders<T>构建复杂的查询条件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual  void DeleteAsync(FilterDefinition<T> filter)
        {
             _collection.DeleteOneAsync(filter);
        }
        #endregion
        #region 修改
        /// <summary>
        /// 修改(Id不变)
        /// </summary>    
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual long Update(T t)
        {         
            var filterBuilder = Builders<T>.Filter;
            var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id",t.Id);
            var update = _collection.ReplaceOne(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
            return update.ModifiedCount;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 修改(Id不变)
        /// </summary>    
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual  void UpdateAsync(T t)
        {
            var filterBuilder = Builders<T>.Filter;
            var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", t.Id);
             _collection.ReplaceOneAsync(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
            
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 用新对象替换新文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">查询条件</param>
        /// <param name="t">对象</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual long Update(Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter, T t)
        {
            var update = _collection.ReplaceOne(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
            return update.ModifiedCount;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 用新对象替换新文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">查询条件</param>
        /// <param name="t">对象</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual long Update(FilterDefinition<T> filter, T t)
        {
            var update = _collection.ReplaceOne(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
            return update.ModifiedCount;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 用新对象替换新文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">查询条件</param>
        /// <param name="t">对象</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual void UpdateAsync(Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter, T t)
        {
            _collection.ReplaceOneAsync(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
          
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 用新对象替换新文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">查询条件</param>
        /// <param name="t">对象</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual void UpdateAsync(FilterDefinition<T> filter, T t)
        {
              _collection.ReplaceOneAsync(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
            
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据Id和条件文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param>
        /// <param name="id">对象Id</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual long Update(string id, UpdateDefinition<T> update)
        {
            var filterBuilder = Builders<T>.Filter;
            var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", new ObjectId(id));
            var result = _collection.UpdateOne(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
            return  result.ModifiedCount;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据Id和条件文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param>
        /// <param name="id">对象Id</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual void UpdateAsync(string id, UpdateDefinition<T> update)
        {
            var filterBuilder = Builders<T>.Filter;
            var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", new ObjectId(id));
            _collection.UpdateOneAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });       
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据条件修改文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param>
        /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual void Update(UpdateDefinition<T> update,Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter)
        {
            _collection.UpdateOne(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据条件修改文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param>
        /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual long Update(UpdateDefinition<T> update, FilterDefinition<T> filter)
        {
            var result = _collection.UpdateOne(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
            return result.ModifiedCount;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据条件修改文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param>
        /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual void UpdateAsync(UpdateDefinition<T> update, Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter)
        {
            _collection.UpdateOneAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据条件修改文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param>
        /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual void  UpdateAsync(UpdateDefinition<T> update, FilterDefinition<T> filter)
        {
             _collection.UpdateOneAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据条件批量修改文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param>
        /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual long UpdateBatch(UpdateDefinition<T> update, Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter)
        {
            var result = _collection.UpdateMany(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
            return result.ModifiedCount;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据条件批量修改文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param>
        /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual long UpdateBatch(UpdateDefinition<T> update, FilterDefinition<T> filter)
        {
            var result = _collection.UpdateMany(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
            return result.ModifiedCount;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据条件批量修改文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param>
        /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual void UpdateBatchAsync(UpdateDefinition<T> update, Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter)
        {
             _collection.UpdateManyAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据条件批量修改文档
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param>
        /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param>
        /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns>
        public virtual void UpdateBatchAsync(UpdateDefinition<T> update, FilterDefinition<T> filter)
        {
            _collection.UpdateManyAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
        }
        #endregion
#region 查询
#region GetCollection
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取操作对象的IMongoCollection集合,强类型对象集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual IMongoCollection<T> GetCollection()
        {
            return _database.GetCollection<T>(typeof(T).Name);
        }
#endregion
        #region GetSingle
        /// <summary>
        /// 查询数据库,检查是否存在指定ID的对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id">对象的ID值</param>
        /// <returns>存在则返回指定的对象,否则返回Null</returns>
        public virtual T GetById(string id)
        {
            var filterBuilder = Builders<T>.Filter;
            var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", new ObjectId(id));
            var data = _collection.Find(filter).FirstOrDefault();
            return data;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 查询数据库,检查是否存在指定ID的对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id">对象的ID值</param>
        /// <returns>存在则返回指定的对象,否则返回Null</returns>
        public virtual async Task<T> GetAsyncById(string id)
        {
            var filterBuilder = Builders<T>.Filter;
            var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", new ObjectId(id));
            var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter);
            return await data.SingleOrDefaultAsync();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 查询数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">过滤条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual T Get(FilterDefinition<T> filter)
        {
            return _collection.Find(filter).FirstOrDefault();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 查询数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">条件表达式</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual T Get(Expression<Func<T,bool>> filter)
        {
            return _collection.Find(filter).FirstOrDefault();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 查询数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">过滤条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual async Task<T> GetAsync(FilterDefinition<T> filter)
        {
            var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter);
            return await data.SingleOrDefaultAsync();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 查询数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">条件表达式</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual async Task<T> GetAsync(Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter)
        {
            var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter);
            return await data.SingleOrDefaultAsync();
        }
        #endregion
        #region GetMany
        /// <summary>
        /// 查询部分数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">过滤条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual IEnumerable<T> GetMany(FilterDefinition<T> filter)
        {
            return _collection.Find(filter).ToEnumerable();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 查询部分数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">条件表达式</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual IEnumerable<T> GetMany(Expression<Func<T,bool>> filter)
        {
            //return _collection.AsQueryable().Where(filter).ToList();
            //return _collection.AsQueryable().Where(filter);
            return _collection.Find(filter).ToEnumerable(); //.ToEnumerable(); 
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 查询部分数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">过滤条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual async Task<IEnumerable<T>> GetManyAsync(FilterDefinition<T> filter)
        {
            var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter);
            return await data.ToListAsync();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 查询部分数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filter">过滤条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual async Task<IEnumerable<T>> GetManyAsync(Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter)
        {
            var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter);
            return await data.ToListAsync();
        }
        
        #endregion
#region GetAll
        /// <summary>
        /// 查询所有记录,复杂查询直接用Linq处理(避免全表扫描)
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>要查询的对象</returns>
        public virtual IEnumerable<T> GetAll()
        {
            var data = _collection.AsQueryable();
            return data.ToEnumerable();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 查询所有记录,复杂查询直接用Linq处理(避免全表扫描)
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>要查询的对象</returns>
        public virtual async Task<IEnumerable<T>> GetAllAsync()
        {
            var data =  _collection.AsQueryable();
            return await data.ToListAsync();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 查询所有记录,复杂查询直接用Linq处理(避免全表扫描)
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>要查询的对象</returns>
        public virtual IQueryable<T> GetAllQueryable()
        {
            return _collection.AsQueryable();
        }
#endregion
        #region MapReduce
        /// <summary>  
        ///  MapReduce
        /// </summary>     
       /// <returns>返回一个List列表数据</returns>  
        public IEnumerable<T> GetMap(BsonJavaScript map,BsonJavaScript reduce)
        {
            return  _collection.MapReduce<T>(map,reduce).ToList();
        }
        #endregion
        #endregion
    }
好了,就介绍到这里。
windows7下MongoDB(V3.4)的使用及仓储设计
原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/lianming37/p/7606707.html