在服务与服务之间传输的是二进制数据,而在此之前有多种方法将数据内容进行序列化来减小数据传递大小,现针对于目前主流的几种序列化方式做了简单数据统计对比。
先做下简单介绍↓↓↓
1、protobuf-net
protobuf-net is a contract based serializer for .NET code, that happens to write data in the "protocol buffers" serialization format engineered by Google. The API, however, is very different to Google‘s, and follows typical .NET patterns (it is broadly comparable, in usage, to XmlSerializer, DataContractSerializer, etc). It should work for most .NET languages that write standard types and can use attributes.
GitHub地址:https://github.com/mgravell/protobuf-net
Json.NET is a personal open source project. Started in 2006, thousands of hours have been invested in refining and tuning Json.NET with the goal of making it not just the best JSON serializer for .NET but the best serializer for any computer language.
官网:https://www.newtonsoft.com/json
3、DataContractSerializer
Use the DataContractSerializer class to serialize and deserialize instances of a type into an XML stream or document. For example, you can create a type named Person with properties that contain essential data, such as a name and address. You can then create and manipulate an instance of the Person class and write all of its property values in an XML document for later retrieval, or in an XML stream for immediate transport. Most important, the DataContractSerializer is used to serialize and deserialize data sent in Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) messages. Apply the DataContractAttribute attribute to classes, and the DataMemberAttribute attribute to class members to specify properties and fields that are serialized.
现对于这三种序列化方式从序列化后数据大小、序列化耗时、反序列化耗时进行统计对比。
版本:protobuf-net-2.3.2.0、Newtonsoft.Json-6.0.4
统计代码:
  1     class Program
  2     {
  3         static void Main(string[] args)
  4         {
  5             Console.WriteLine();
  6             Console.WriteLine("****************第一次测试****************");
  7             Console.WriteLine();
  8             TestMain(500);
  9             Console.WriteLine();
 10             Console.WriteLine("****************第二次测试****************");
 11             Console.WriteLine();
 12             TestMain(5000);
 13             Console.WriteLine();
 14             Console.WriteLine("****************第三次测试****************");
 15             Console.WriteLine();
 16             TestMain(50000);
 17             Console.Read();
 18         }
 19 
 20         #region Private
 21 
 22         private static void TestMain(int count)
 23         {
 24             var list = GetList(count);
 25 
 26             var pbSerializeTime = 0.00;
 27             var pbDeSerializeTime = 0.00;
 28 
 29             var jsonSerializeTime = 0.00;
 30             var jsonDeSerializeTime = 0.00;
 31 
 32             var dataContractSerializeTime = 0.00;
 33             var dataContractDeSerializeTime = 0.00;
 34 
 35             Console.WriteLine();
 36 
 37             //protobuf-net
 38             Console.WriteLine("---------------protobuf-net--------------");
 39             Stopwatch watch = new Stopwatch();
 40             watch.Start();
 41             var pbResult = ProtobufSerialize(list);
 42             File.WriteAllText($@"D:\Code\WCF数据压缩传输\WcfTest{DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss")}.txt", pbResult);
 43             watch.Stop();
 44 
 45             pbSerializeTime = watch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
 46             Console.WriteLine();
 47             Console.WriteLine($"序列化后数据大小:{HumanReadableFilesize(pbResult.Length)}");
 48             Console.WriteLine();
 49             Console.WriteLine($"序列化耗时:{watch.ElapsedMilliseconds} 毫秒");
 50             Console.WriteLine();
 51 
 52             watch = new Stopwatch();
 53             watch.Start();
 54             var pbValue = ProtobufDeSerialize<List<TransmissionModel>>(pbResult);
 55             watch.Stop();
 56             pbDeSerializeTime = watch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
 57             Console.WriteLine($"反序列化耗时:{watch.ElapsedMilliseconds} 毫秒");
 58             Console.WriteLine();
 59 
 60             Console.WriteLine($"反序列化结果验证:{pbValue[0].Name}:{!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(pbValue[0].Name)}");
 61             Console.WriteLine();
 62 
 63             //Newtonsoft.Json
 64             Console.WriteLine("---------------Newtonsoft.Json--------------");
 65             Console.WriteLine();
 66             watch = new Stopwatch();
 67             watch.Start();
 68             var jsonResult = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(list);
 69             File.WriteAllText($@"D:\Code\WCF数据压缩传输\WcfTest{DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(1).ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss")}.txt", jsonResult);
 70             watch.Stop();
 71             jsonSerializeTime = watch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
 72             Console.WriteLine($"序列化后数据大小:{HumanReadableFilesize(jsonResult.Length)}");
 73             Console.WriteLine();
 74             Console.WriteLine($"序列化耗时:{watch.ElapsedMilliseconds} 毫秒");
 75             Console.WriteLine();
 76 
 77             watch = new Stopwatch();
 78             watch.Start();
 79             var jsonValue = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<TransmissionModel>>(jsonResult);
 80             watch.Stop();
 81             jsonDeSerializeTime = watch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
 82             Console.WriteLine($"反序列化耗时:{watch.ElapsedMilliseconds} 毫秒");
 83             Console.WriteLine();
 84 
 85             Console.WriteLine($"反序列化结果验证:{jsonValue[0].Name}:{!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(jsonValue[0].Name)}");
 86             Console.WriteLine();
 87 
 88             //DataContractSerializer
 89             Console.WriteLine("---------------DataContractSerializer--------------");
 90             Console.WriteLine();
 91 
 92             watch = new Stopwatch();
 93             watch.Start();
 94             var dataContractFileName = $@"D:\Code\WCF数据压缩传输\WcfTest{DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(2).ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss")}.txt";
 95             var dataContractSerializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(List<TransmissionModel>));
 96             var dataContractfi = new FileInfo(dataContractFileName);
 97             using (var stream = dataContractfi.Create())
 98             {
 99                 dataContractSerializer.WriteObject(stream, list);
100             }
101             watch.Stop();
102             dataContractSerializeTime = watch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
103             Console.WriteLine($"序列化后数据大小:{HumanReadableFilesize(dataContractfi.Length)}");
104             Console.WriteLine();
105             Console.WriteLine($"序列化耗时:{watch.ElapsedMilliseconds} 毫秒");
106             Console.WriteLine();
107 
108             watch = new Stopwatch();
109             watch.Start();
110             var dataContractValue = new List<TransmissionModel>();
111             DataContractSerializer serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(List<TransmissionModel>));
112             using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(dataContractFileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
113             {
114                 using (XmlReader reader = new XmlTextReader(dataContractFileName, fs))
115                 {
116                     dataContractValue = (List<TransmissionModel>)serializer.ReadObject(reader);
117                 }
118             }
119             watch.Stop();
120             dataContractDeSerializeTime = watch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
121             Console.WriteLine($"反序列化耗时:{watch.ElapsedMilliseconds} 毫秒");
122             Console.WriteLine();
123             Console.WriteLine($"反序列化结果验证:{dataContractValue[0].Name}:{!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(dataContractValue[0].Name)}");
124 
125             //统计结果
126             Console.WriteLine();
127             Console.WriteLine($"=====================统计结果======================");
128             Console.WriteLine();
129             Console.WriteLine($"protobuf-net序列化后数据大小为Newtonsoft.Json的 {Math.Round(pbResult.Length / Convert.ToDouble(jsonResult.Length), 2) * 100}%,为DataContractSerializer的 {Math.Round(pbResult.Length / Convert.ToDouble(dataContractfi.Length), 2) * 100}%");
130             Console.WriteLine();
131             Console.WriteLine($"protobuf-net序列化耗时为Newtonsoft.Json的 {Math.Round(pbSerializeTime / jsonSerializeTime, 2) * 100}%,为DataContractSerializer的 {Math.Round(pbSerializeTime / dataContractSerializeTime, 2) * 100}%");
132             Console.WriteLine();
133             Console.WriteLine($"protobuf-net反序列耗时为Newtonsoft.Json的 {Math.Round(pbDeSerializeTime / jsonDeSerializeTime, 2) * 100}%,为DataContractSerializer的 {Math.Round(pbDeSerializeTime / dataContractDeSerializeTime, 2) * 100}%");
134             Console.WriteLine();
135         }
136 
137         private static List<TransmissionModel> GetList(int count)
138         {
139             var list = new List<TransmissionModel>();
140             var model1 = new TransmissionModel() { ID = 1, Name = "我爱北京天安门", TempModel = new TempModel() { Age = 3, Name = "天安门上有毛爷爷" } };
141             var model2 = new TransmissionModel() { ID = 2, Name = "天安门上红旗飘", TempModel = new TempModel() { Age = 4, Name = "I Love 毛爷爷" } };
142             for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
143             {
144                 list.Add(model1);
145                 list.Add(model2);
146             }
147             return list;
148         }
149 
150         private static string ProtobufSerialize<T>(T obj)
151         {
152             using (var memory = new MemoryStream())
153             {
154                 Serializer.Serialize(memory, obj);
155                 return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(memory.ToArray());
156             }
157         }
158 
159         /// <summary>
160         /// 反序列化
161         /// </summary>
162         /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
163         /// <param name="content"></param>
164         /// <returns></returns>
165         private static T ProtobufDeSerialize<T>(string content)
166         {
167             using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(content)))
168             {
169                 T t = Serializer.Deserialize<T>(ms);
170                 return t;
171             }
172         }
173 
174         /// <summary>  
175         /// 转换方法  
176         /// </summary>  
177         /// <param name="size">字节值</param>  
178         /// <returns></returns>  
179         private static String HumanReadableFilesize(double size)
180         {
181             String[] units = new String[] { "B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB" };
182             double mod = 1024.0;
183             int i = 0;
184             while (size >= mod)
185             {
186                 size /= mod;
187                 i++;
188             }
189             return Math.Round(size) + units[i];
190         }
191         #endregion
192     }
193 
194     [DataContract]
195     [ProtoContract]
196     class TransmissionModel
197     {
198         [DataMember]
199         [ProtoMember(1)]
200         public int ID { get; set; }
201 
202         [DataMember]
203         [ProtoMember(2)]
204         public string Name { get; set; }
205 
206         [DataMember]
207         [ProtoMember(3)]
208         public TempModel TempModel { get; set; }
209     }
210 
211     [DataContract]
212     [ProtoContract]
213     class TempModel
214     {
215         [DataMember]
216         [ProtoMember(1)]
217         public int Age { get; set; }
218 
219         [DataMember]
220         [ProtoMember(2)]
221         public string Name { get; set; }
222     }
测试统计结果如下:
****************第一次测试**************** ---------------protobuf-net-------------- 序列化后数据大小:27KB 序列化耗时:171 毫秒 反序列化耗时:22 毫秒 反序列化结果验证:我爱北京天安门:True ---------------Newtonsoft.Json-------------- 序列化后数据大小:65KB 序列化耗时:266 毫秒 反序列化耗时:99 毫秒 反序列化结果验证:我爱北京天安门:True ---------------DataContractSerializer-------------- 序列化后数据大小:148KB 序列化耗时:49 毫秒 反序列化耗时:26 毫秒 反序列化结果验证:我爱北京天安门:True =====================统计结果====================== protobuf-net序列化后数据大小为Newtonsoft.Json的 42%,为DataContractSerializer的 19% protobuf-net序列化耗时为Newtonsoft.Json的 64%,为DataContractSerializer的 349% protobuf-net反序列耗时为Newtonsoft.Json的 22%,为DataContractSerializer的 85% ****************第二次测试**************** ---------------protobuf-net-------------- 序列化后数据大小:273KB 序列化耗时:49 毫秒 反序列化耗时:26 毫秒 反序列化结果验证:我爱北京天安门:True ---------------Newtonsoft.Json-------------- 序列化后数据大小:654KB 序列化耗时:63 毫秒 反序列化耗时:39 毫秒 反序列化结果验证:我爱北京天安门:True ---------------DataContractSerializer-------------- 序列化后数据大小:1MB 序列化耗时:40 毫秒 反序列化耗时:89 毫秒 反序列化结果验证:我爱北京天安门:True =====================统计结果====================== protobuf-net序列化后数据大小为Newtonsoft.Json的 42%,为DataContractSerializer的 19% protobuf-net序列化耗时为Newtonsoft.Json的 78%,为DataContractSerializer的 123% protobuf-net反序列耗时为Newtonsoft.Json的 67%,为DataContractSerializer的 29% ****************第三次测试**************** ---------------protobuf-net-------------- 序列化后数据大小:3MB 序列化耗时:366 毫秒 反序列化耗时:384 毫秒 反序列化结果验证:我爱北京天安门:True ---------------Newtonsoft.Json-------------- 序列化后数据大小:6MB 序列化耗时:637 毫秒 反序列化耗时:569 毫秒 反序列化结果验证:我爱北京天安门:True ---------------DataContractSerializer-------------- 序列化后数据大小:14MB 序列化耗时:384 毫秒 反序列化耗时:736 毫秒 反序列化结果验证:我爱北京天安门:True =====================统计结果====================== protobuf-net序列化后数据大小为Newtonsoft.Json的 42%,为DataContractSerializer的 19% protobuf-net序列化耗时为Newtonsoft.Json的 57%,为DataContractSerializer的 95% protobuf-net反序列耗时为Newtonsoft.Json的 67%,为DataContractSerializer的 52%
各序列化生成文件内容对比:
  protobuf-net:
  Newtonsoft.Json:
 DataContractSerializer:
综合分析:
        1、数据内容格式及大小:DataContractSerializer(序列化为XML)> Newtonsoft.Json(序列化为Json文本) > protobuf-net(暂未知格式) ,protobuf-net 表现最优,protobuf-net序列化后数据大小为Newtonsoft.Json的 42%,为DataContractSerializer的 19%。
        2、序列化耗时最小方面:随着数据本身大小的变化各序列化耗时之间的排名有不同变化,表现较好的主要为 DataContractSerializer 和 protobuf-net ,三轮测试下来 Newtonsoft.Json 明显比其它两种序列化方式耗时长(详细查看上方测试统计数据)。
        3、反序列耗时最小方面:随着数据本身大小的变化排名也有不同变化,表现最好的为protobuf-net(详细查看上方测试统计数据)。
客观结论:
通过对比序列化后数据大小、序列化耗时、反序列化耗时、数据格式得出客观结论:protobuf-net 在整体效率上来说最优。
关于 protobuf-net 的具体应用将会在下篇文章写出。
     以上仅为个人测试统计对比,欢迎提出建议指正。
本文参考文章:http://www.cnblogs.com/onlytiancai/archive/2009/07/02/protobuf_net_test.html
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原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/willperfect/p/7569153.html