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struct pci_driver {
struct list_head node;
char *name;
const struct pci_device_id *id_table;
int (*probe) (struct pci_dev *dev, const struct pci_device_id *id);
void (*remove) (struct pci_dev *dev);
int (*save_state) (struct pci_dev *dev, u32 state);
int (*suspend)(struct pci_dev *dev, u32 state);
int (*resume) (struct pci_dev *dev);
int (*enable_wake) (struct pci_dev *dev, u32 state, int enable);
};
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struct pci_dev {
struct list_head global_list;
struct list_head bus_list;
struct pci_bus *bus;
struct pci_bus *subordinate;
void *sysdata;
struct proc_dir_entry *procent;
unsigned int devfn;
unsigned short vendor;
unsigned short device;
unsigned short subsystem_vendor;
unsigned short subsystem_device;
unsigned int class;
u8 hdr_type;
u8 rom_base_reg;
struct pci_driver *driver;
void *driver_data;
u64 dma_mask;
u32 current_state;
unsigned short vendor_compatible[DEVICE_COUNT_COMPATIBLE];
unsigned short device_compatible[DEVICE_COUNT_COMPATIBLE];
unsigned int irq;
struct resource resource[DEVICE_COUNT_RESOURCE];
struct resource dma_resource[DEVICE_COUNT_DMA];
struct resource irq_resource[DEVICE_COUNT_IRQ];
char name[80];
char slot_name[8];
int active;
int ro;
unsigned short regs;
int (*prepare)(struct pci_dev *dev);
int (*activate)(struct pci_dev *dev);
int (*deactivate)(struct pci_dev *dev);
};
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/* 指明该驱动程序适用于哪一些PCI设备 */
static struct pci_device_id demo_pci_tbl [] __initdata = {
{PCI_VENDOR_ID_DEMO, PCI_DEVICE_ID_DEMO,
PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, DEMO},
{0,}
};
/* 对特定PCI设备进行描述的数据结构 */
struct demo_card {
unsigned int magic;
/* 使用链表保存所有同类的PCI设备 */
struct demo_card *next;
/* ... */
}
/* 中断处理模块 */
static void demo_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
/* ... */
}
/* 设备文件操作接口 */
static struct file_operations demo_fops = {
owner: THIS_MODULE, /* demo_fops所属的设备模块 */
read: demo_read, /* 读设备操作*/
write: demo_write, /* 写设备操作*/
ioctl: demo_ioctl, /* 控制设备操作*/
mmap: demo_mmap, /* 内存重映射操作*/
open: demo_open, /* 打开设备操作*/
release: demo_release /* 释放设备操作*/
/* ... */
};
/* 设备模块信息 */
static struct pci_driver demo_pci_driver = {
name: demo_MODULE_NAME, /* 设备模块名称 */
id_table: demo_pci_tbl, /* 能够驱动的设备列表 */
probe: demo_probe, /* 查找并初始化设备 */
remove: demo_remove /* 卸载设备模块 */
/* ... */
};
static int __init demo_init_module (void)
{
/* ... */
}
static void __exit demo_cleanup_module (void)
{
pci_unregister_driver(&demo_pci_driver);
}
/* 加载驱动程序模块入口 */
module_init(demo_init_module);
/* 卸载驱动程序模块入口 */
module_exit(demo_cleanup_module);
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static int __init demo_init_module (void)
{
/* 检查系统是否支持PCI总线 */
if (!pci_present())
return -ENODEV;
/* 注册硬件驱动程序 */
if (!pci_register_driver(&demo_pci_driver)) {
pci_unregister_driver(&demo_pci_driver);
return -ENODEV;
}
/* ... */
return 0;
}
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static int __init demo_probe(struct pci_dev *pci_dev, const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
{
struct demo_card *card;
/* 启动PCI设备 */
if (pci_enable_device(pci_dev))
return -EIO;
/* 设备DMA标识 */
if (pci_set_dma_mask(pci_dev, DEMO_DMA_MASK)) {
return -ENODEV;
}
/* 在内核空间中动态申请内存 */
if ((card = kmalloc(sizeof(struct demo_card), GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL) {
printk(KERN_ERR "pci_demo: out of memory/n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
memset(card, 0, sizeof(*card));
/* 读取PCI配置信息 */
card->iobase = pci_resource_start (pci_dev, 1);
card->pci_dev = pci_dev;
card->pci_id = pci_id->device;
card->irq = pci_dev->irq;
card->next = devs;
card->magic = DEMO_CARD_MAGIC;
/* 设置成总线主DMA模式 */
pci_set_master(pci_dev);
/* 申请I/O资源 */
request_region(card->iobase, 64, card_names[pci_id->driver_data]);
return 0;
}
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static int demo_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
/* 申请中断，注册中断处理程序 */
request_irq(card->irq, &demo_interrupt, SA_SHIRQ,
card_names[pci_id->driver_data], card)) {
/* 检查读写模式 */
if(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ) {
/* ... */
}
if(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) {
/* ... */
}
/* 申请对设备的控制权 */
down(&card->open_sem);
while(card->open_mode & file->f_mode) {
if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
/* NONBLOCK模式，返回-EBUSY */
up(&card->open_sem);
return -EBUSY;
} else {
/* 等待调度，获得控制权 */
card->open_mode |= f_mode & (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE);
up(&card->open_sem);
/* 设备打开计数增1 */
MOD_INC_USE_COUNT;
/* ... */
}
}
}
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static int demo_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
/* ... */
switch(cmd) {
case DEMO_RDATA:
/* 从I/O端口读取4字节的数据 */
val = inl(card->iobae + 0x10);
/* 将读取的数据传输到用户空间 */
return 0;
}
/* ... */
}
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static void demo_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct demo_card *card = (struct demo_card *)dev_id;
u32 status;
spin_lock(&card->lock);
/* 识别中断 */
status = inl(card->iobase + GLOB_STA);
if(!(status & INT_MASK))
{
spin_unlock(&card->lock);
return; /* not for us */
}
/* 告诉设备已经收到中断 */
outl(status & INT_MASK, card->iobase + GLOB_STA);
spin_unlock(&card->lock);
/* 其它进一步的处理，如更新DMA缓冲区指针等 */
}
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static int demo_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
/* ... */
/* 释放对设备的控制权 */
card->open_mode &= (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE);
/* 唤醒其它等待获取控制权的进程 */
wake_up(&card->open_wait);
up(&card->open_sem);
/* 释放中断 */
free_irq(card->irq, card);
/* 设备打开计数增1 */
MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;
/* ... */
}
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static void __exit demo_cleanup_module (void)
{
pci_unregister_driver(&demo_pci_driver);
}
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PCI总线不仅是目前应用广泛的计算机总线标准，而且是一种兼容性最强、功能最全的计算机总线。而Linux作为一种新的操作系统，其发展前景是无法估量的，同时也为PCI总线与各种新型设备互连成为可能。由于Linux源码开放，因此给连接到PCI总线上的任何设备编写驱动程序变得相对容易。本文介绍如何编译Linux下的PCI驱动程序，针对的内核版本是2.4。
Linux下PCI设备驱动程序开发 --- PCI驱动程序实现（三）
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/wanghuaijun/p/7522655.html