Python的字符串格式化有两种方式: 百分号方式、format方式
百分号的方式相对来说比较老，而format方式则是比较先进的方式，企图替换古老的方式，目前两者并存。[PEP-3101]
This PEP proposes a new system for built-in string formatting operations, intended as a replacement for the existing ‘%‘ string formatting operator.
1、百分号方式
%[(name)][flags][width].[precision]typecode
注：Python中百分号格式化是不存在自动将整数转换成二进制表示的方式
常用格式化：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
tpl = "i am %s" % "alex"tpl = "i am %s age %d" % ("alex", 18)tpl = "i am %(name)s age %(age)d" % {"name": "alex", "age": 18}tpl = "percent %.2f" % 99.97623tpl = "i am %(pp).2f" % {"pp": 123.425556, }tpl = "i am %.2f %%" % {"pp": 123.425556, } |
2、Format方式
[[fill]align][sign][#][0][width][,][.precision][type]
常用格式化：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
|
tpl = "i am {}, age {}, {}".format("seven", 18, ‘alex‘) tpl = "i am {}, age {}, {}".format(*["seven", 18, ‘alex‘]) tpl = "i am {0}, age {1}, really {0}".format("seven", 18) tpl = "i am {0}, age {1}, really {0}".format(*["seven", 18]) tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, really {name}".format(name="seven", age=18) tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, really {name}".format(**{"name": "seven", "age": 18}) tpl = "i am {0[0]}, age {0[1]}, really {0[2]}".format([1, 2, 3], [11, 22, 33]) tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}, money {:f}".format("seven", 18, 88888.1) tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format(*["seven", 18]) tpl = "i am {name:s}, age {age:d}".format(name="seven", age=18) tpl = "i am {name:s}, age {age:d}".format(**{"name": "seven", "age": 18})tpl = "numbers: {:b},{:o},{:d},{:x},{:X}, {:%}".format(15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15.87623, 2)tpl = "numbers: {:b},{:o},{:d},{:x},{:X}, {:%}".format(15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15.87623, 2)tpl = "numbers: {0:b},{0:o},{0:d},{0:x},{0:X}, {0:%}".format(15)tpl = "numbers: {num:b},{num:o},{num:d},{num:x},{num:X}, {num:%}".format(num=15) |
更多格式化操作：https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html
1、迭代器
迭代器是访问集合元素的一种方式。迭代器对象从集合的第一个元素开始访问，直到所有的元素被访问完结束。迭代器只能往前不会后退，不过这也没什么，因为人们很少在迭代途中往后退。另外，迭代器的一大优点是不要求事先准备好整个迭代过程中所有的元素。迭代器仅仅在迭代到某个元素时才计算该元素，而在这之前或之后，元素可以不存在或者被销毁。这个特点使得它特别适合用于遍历一些巨大的或是无限的集合，比如几个G的文件
特点：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
|
>>> a = iter([1,2,3,4,5])>>> a<list_iterator object at 0x101402630>>>> a.__next__()1>>> a.__next__()2>>> a.__next__()3>>> a.__next__()4>>> a.__next__()5>>> a.__next__()Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>StopIteration |
2、生成器
一个函数调用时返回一个迭代器，那这个函数就叫做生成器（generator）；如果函数中包含yield语法，那这个函数就会变成生成器；
|
1
2
3
4
5
|
def func(): yield 1 yield 2 yield 3 yield 4 |
上述代码中：func是函数称为生成器，当执行此函数func()时会得到一个迭代器。
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
>>> temp = func()>>> temp.__next__()1>>> temp.__next__()2>>> temp.__next__()3>>> temp.__next__()4>>> temp.__next__()Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>StopIteration |
3、实例
a、利用生成器自定义range
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
def nrange(num): temp = -1 while True: temp = temp + 1 if temp >= num: return else: yield temp |
b、利用迭代器访问range
|
1
|
... |
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/cp-miao/p/5658498.html