DR模型原理：
客户端请求负载均衡器，负载均衡器根据调度算法，从后端realserver集群中选择一台机器，然后更改请求报文MAC地址，将目的MAC地址改为后端服务器的MAC地址，源MAC改为自己的MAC地址。后端服务器收到请求报文，然后处理，最后直接响应给客户端。
注意问题：
1.director和realserver都是同一个网段。 2.director和realserver都配置VIP地址。 3.director和realserver都配置route add VIP路由 4.director的vip配置在eth0:0上 5.realserver的vip配置在lo:0上。 6.realserver禁止响应arp数据包。
一：架构图
二：Realserver安装软件
192.168.1.119 192.168.1.121
1）nginx-1.6.1.tar.gz安装
http://yujianglei.blog.51cto.com/7215578/1725587
2）php-5.5.4.tar.gz安装
A:安装依赖包
cd /home/mcc/tools yum -y install libmcrypt-devel mhash-devel libxslt-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2-devel libcurl-devel
B:安装第三方依赖包
wget http://www.atomicorp.com/installers/atomic sh ./atomic yum install php-mcrypt libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel -y
C:编译安装
./configure --prefix=/app/php --with-config-file-path=/app/php/etc --enable-sockets --with-openssl --with-mhash --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-iconv-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-curl --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --with-xmlrpc --with-bz2 --enable-fpm --enable-zip --enable-soap --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-gd --with-gettext --with-mcrypt --disable-rpath --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-pcntl --enable-gd-native-ttf --without-pear make && make install
cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm chkconfig --add php-fpm chkconfig php-fpm on cp /app/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /app/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
D:配置php-fpm.conf
pm.max_children = 150 pm.start_servers = 8 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 10
E:启动php-fpm
service php-fpm start
F:配置nginx，整合php环境
两台机器nginx配置相同
worker_processes 1;
worker_rlimit_nofile 655360;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024;
}
http{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
server_tokens off;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|ico|txt|js|css)$ {
root html;
expires 3d;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50.html {
root html;
}
}
}F：代码上线，先上一台机器，安装完成后在把安装完成的discuz包拷贝到另外一台机器上。
192.168.1.121 cd /app/nginx/html rz
安装时：不要用VIP访问。用192.168.1.121访问。
三：配置Realserver的LVS功能
启动脚本：
#!/bin/bash
#
# chkconfig: - 90 10
# description: LVS DR RealServer
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
VIP=192.168.1.200
case $1 in
start)
/sbin/ifconfig lo down
/sbin/ifconfig lo up
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $VIP up
/sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
sysctl -p 2>&1 >/dev/null
echo "RealServer Start OK!"
;;
stop)
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
/sbin/route del $VIP 2>&1 >/dev/null
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
sysctl -p 2>&1 >/dev/null
echo "RealServer Stop OK!"
;;
*)
printf "Usage: $0 {start|stop}\n"
exit 1
esac2) 拷贝realserver脚本到/etc/init.d/
cp realserver /etc/ini.d/
3)使用
server realserver stop server realserver start
4)开启启动
chkconfig –add realserver chkconfig realserver on
启动问题：
[root@localhost mcc]# ./realserver start error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables" is an unknown key error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables" is an unknown key error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables" is an unknown key 解决： modprobe bridge lsmod | grep bridge
四：Director安装软件
192.168.1.116 192.168.1.117
安装ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz
mkdir /home/mcc/tools wget -c http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/kernel-2.6/ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.* /usr/src/linux tar xf ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz cd ipvsadm-1.24 make make install
安装keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz
http://yujianglei.blog.51cto.com/7215578/1725586
配置文件:
192.168.1.116 master 192.168.1.117 bakcup
主配置文件:
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
yujianglei@singulax.com
}
notification_email_from 15614119390@163.com
smtp_server smtp.163.com
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 10
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass jidian123
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.200
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.200 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.1.121 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 80
}
}
real_server 192.168.1.119 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 80
}
}
}从配置文件:
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
yujianglei@singulax.com
}
notification_email_from 15614119390@163.com
smtp_server smtp.163.com
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 10
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass jidian123
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.200
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.200 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.1.121 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 80
}
}
real_server 192.168.1.119 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 80
}
}
}五：配置Director的LVS功能
启动脚本：
#!/bin/bash
#
VIP=192.168.1.200
RIP1=192.168.1.119
RIP2=192.168.1.121
PORT=80
case $1 in
start)
/sbin/ifconfig eth0:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up
/sbin/route add -host $VIP dev eth0:0
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
/sbin/iptables -F
/sbin/ipvsadm -C
/sbin/ipvsadm -A -t $VIP:$PORT -s rr
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:$PORT -r $RIP1 -g
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:$PORT -r $RIP2 -g
touch /var/lock/subsys/director.lock
echo "Director Start OK!"
;;
stop)
/sbin/ifconfig eth0:0 down
/sbin/ipvsadm -C
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
rm -fr /var/lock/subsys/director.lock
echo "Director Stop OK!"
;;
status)
if [ -e /var/lock/subsys/director.lock ];then
echo "Director is Running!"
else
echo "Director is Down!"
fi
;;
*)
printf "Usage: $0 {start|stop}\n"
exit 1
esac一：安装MySQL需要依赖的包
yum install ncurses-devel -y
二：建立数据库启动账号
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql [root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql [root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql
三：获取MySQL软件
dev.mysql.com获取mysql-5.5.45.tar.gz、cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
四：上传MySQL软件到服务器
1.建立软件包目录
mkdir -p /home/mcc/tools cd /home/mcc/tools rz
五：创建MySQL实例的数据文件目录和日志目录
mkdir -p /mydata55/data
mkdir -p /mydata55/{bin_log,error_log,relay_log}
tree /mydata55六：创建MySQL实例的安装文件目录
mkdir /app55/mysql-5.5.45 -pv
七：安装MySQL软件
1.解压安装cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz软件包
tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz cd cmake-2.8.8 ./configure gmake gmake install
2.解压编译安装mysql-5.5.45.tar.gz软件包
tar xf mysql-5.5.45.tar.gz cd mysql-5.5.45 cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/app55/mysql-5.5.45 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata55/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/mydata55/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 make && make install
2.生成不带版本号的软连接/app/mysql,即mysql安装路径
cd /app55 ln -s mysql-5.5.45 mysql
八：准备配置文件
[root@localhost app55]# cp /app55/mysql/support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf‘? y
vi /etc/my.cnf
[client] port = 3306 socket = /mydata55/mysql.sock default-character-set=utf8 [mysql] #No-auto-rehash default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3306 socket = /mydata55/mysql.sock character-set-server=utf8 basedir = /app55/mysql datadir = /mydata55/data open_files_limit = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet = 8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k default-storage-engine=InnoDB #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192k transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format log-error = /mydata55/error_log/3306.err pid-file = /mydata55/3306.pid #二进制日志 log-bin = /mydata55/bin_log/mysql-bin log-bin-index = /mydata55/bin_log/mysql-bin.index binlog_format = mixed relay-log = /mydata55/relay_log/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /mydata55/ relay_log /relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 10 #MyISAM引擎 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M #read_md_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db = mysql server-id = 1 #InnoDB引擎 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 1 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mydata55/error_log/3306.err pid-file = /mydata55/3306.pid default-character-set=utf8
九：配置环境变量
vi /etc/profile export PATH=/app55/mysql/bin:$PATH source /etc/profile
提示：
在配置环境变量时，一定要将安装路径配置在PATH前面，否则系统中万一存在rpm安装的mysql。那么系统就会去寻找/usr/local/bin/下关于mysql的有关命令。
十：更改权限
chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata55 chmod -R 1777 /tmp
十一：初始化数据库
cd /app55/mysql/scripts ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/app55/mysql --datadir=/mydata55/data --user=mysql
十二：数据库启动脚本
cd /app55/mysql/support-files cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
十三：授权，加密，优化
/etc/init.d/mysqld start mysql -uroot -p -e "grant all privileges on *.* to admin@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘jidian123‘ with grant option" mysql -uroot -p -e "grant all privileges on *.* to admin@‘%‘ identified by ‘jidian123‘ with grant option" mysql -uroot -p -e "flush privileges;" mysql -uroot -p -e "drop database test;" mysql -uroot -p -e "delete from mysql.user where User=‘root‘" mysql -uadmin -p‘jidian123‘ -e "delete from mysql.user where User=‘‘" mysql -uadmin -p‘jidian123‘ -e "flush privileges;"
十三：报错解决
1、启动报错日志：
150819 3:12:24 [ERROR] Plugin ‘InnoDB‘ init function returned error. 150819 3:12:24 [ERROR] Plugin ‘InnoDB‘ registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed. 150819 3:12:24 [ERROR] Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB 150819 3:12:24 [ERROR] Aborting
解决方案：
移除数据目录下的ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mv /mydata55/data/ib_logfile* /home
重新启动：
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
2、导入报错日志
ERROR 1665 (HY000): Cannot execute statement: impossible to write to binary log since BINLOG_FORMAT = STATEMENT and at least one table uses a storage engine limited to row-based logging.
【报错原因】
innodb的事务隔离级别是read commited或者read uncommited模式时，binlog不可以使用statement模式。
解决：
set global binlog_format=mixed
本文出自 “不求最好,只求更好” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://yujianglei.blog.51cto.com/7215578/1727378
原文：http://yujianglei.blog.51cto.com/7215578/1727378