首先请先去了解下ES的一些基本概念：cluster，node，index，shard，replica shard，plugin，river；这里就不一一赘述了。
? ? – ?确保机器上已经安装了JDK7以上版本
? ? – ?下载：官网下载地址：https://www.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch
? ? – ?将下载后的文件解压到/opt/eshome(默认的es home，可更改)
? ? – ?进入到bin文件夹下，执行“./elasticsearch -d”(-d表示在后台执行) ??
安装结束后，访问 ?http://ip:9200/，出现下面的返回结果。默认的cluster名为elasticsearch
{??"status" : 200,
??"name" : "test_node_196",
??"cluster_name" : "test_cluster1",
??"version" : {
????"number" : "1.7.0",
????"build_hash" : "929b9739cae115e73c346cb5f9a6f24ba735a743",
????"build_timestamp" : "2015-07-16T14:31:07Z",
????"build_snapshot" : false,
????"lucene_version" : "4.10.4"
??},
??"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}? |
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ES的配置文件在conf/elasticsearch.yml。
master节点、data节点和river节点都在该配置文件里面配备。（river节点在后面介绍）
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master节点的配备如下：
cluster.name:?test_cluster1??? ##cluster名
node.name: "test_node_196"??? ##节点名称
node.master: true?? ##是否是master节点node.data: true?? ##该节点上是否保存数据index.number_of_replicas: 1?? ##备份的数量，这里设为1path.data: /opt/esdata??? ##该节点上数据存储的pathtransport.tcp.port: 9300?? ##tcp的端口号http.port: 9200??? ##http的端口号discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 1discovery.zen.ping.timeout: 3s??? ##节点间自动发现的响应时间discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["localhost"]??? ##节点间自动发现，master节点为localhost |
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data节点的配备如下
cluster.name:?test_cluster1??? ##cluster名，注意和master节点保持一致
node.name: "test_node_197"
node.master: false?? ##不是master节点node.data: trueindex.number_of_replicas: 1path.data: /opt/esdatatransport.tcp.port: 9300http.port: 9200discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 1discovery.zen.ping.timeout: 3s??? ##节点间自动发现的响应时间discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["10.19.220.196"]??? ##节点间自动发现，这里要写master节点的IP，多个要用逗号隔开 |
注意：1.为了测试，多个node可以在同一台服务器上启动，但通常一个服务器只放一个node。
? ? ? ? ? ?2.系统启动时，node会使用广播来发现一个现有的cluster，并且试图加入该cluster
? ? ? ? ? ?3.配置文件中的冒号后要加空格，否则启动es时会报load配置文件发生错误
? ? ? ? ? ?4.为了防止脑裂，需要将discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes设为[master节点数/2+1]。
? ? ? ? ? ? ? 关于脑裂，请参见http://blog.trifork.com/2013/10/24/how-to-avoid-the-split-brain-problem-in-elasticsearch/
? ? ? ? ? ?5.当将一个节点的index.number_of_replicas从0变为1时，ES中现有的索引的分片仍然是没有备份的，但修改后新建的索引的分片都有一个备份
下面是一些通过curl操作es的例子，_cat用于查看，_update用于更新，_bulk用于批量操作，_search用于查询。
具体的就不一一解释了。可参见官网：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/getting-started.html
##To check the cluster healthcurl ‘localhost:9200/_cat/health?v‘?
##get a list of nodes in our clustercurl ‘localhost:9200/_cat/nodes?v‘?
##take a peek at our indicescurl ‘localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v‘?
##create an index named "customer"curl -XPUT ‘localhost:9200/customer?pretty‘?
##index a simple customer document into the customer index, "external" type, with an ID of 1curl -XPUT ‘localhost:9200/customer/external/1?pretty‘-d ‘ { "name": "John Doe" }‘?
##retrieve that documentcurl -XGET ‘localhost:9200/customer/external/1?pretty‘?
##delete the indexcurl -XDELETE ‘localhost:9200/bankfortest?pretty‘?
##update our previous documentcurl -XPOST ‘localhost:9200/customer/external/1/_update?pretty‘-d ‘ { "doc": { "name": "Jane Doe", "age": 20 } }‘##注意：要运行下面的语句，需要在配置文件中加上“script.disable_dynamic: false”curl -XPOST ‘localhost:9200/customer/external/1/_update?pretty‘-d ‘ { "script" : "ctx._source.age += 5" }‘?
##delete multiple documents that match a query conditioncurl -XDELETE ‘localhost:9200/customer/external/_query?pretty‘-d ‘ { "query": { "match": { "name": "John" } } }‘?
##批量操作curl -XPOST ‘localhost:9200/customer/external/_bulk?pretty‘-d ‘ {"index":{"_id":"5"}} {"name": "John Doe" } {"index":{"_id":"6"}} {"name": "Jane Doe" } ‘curl -XPOST ‘localhost:9200/customer/external/_bulk?pretty‘-d ‘ {"update":{"_id":"1"}} {"doc": { "name": "John Doe becomes Jane Doe" } } {"delete":{"_id":"2"}} ‘curl -XPOST ‘localhost:9200/bankfortest/account/_bulk?pretty‘ --data-binary @accounts.json?
##查询curl ‘localhost:9200/bank/_search?q=*&pretty‘curl -XPOST ‘localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty‘-d ‘ { "query": { "match_all": {} } }‘curl -XPOST ‘localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty‘ -d ‘{??"query": { "match_all": {} },
??"_source": ["account_number", "balance"]
}‘curl -XPOST ‘localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty‘ -d ‘{??"query": { "match": { "account_number": 20 } }
}‘ |
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首先请到官网上下载这些插件，安装指令如下：
bin/plugin --url file:///path/to/plugin --install plugin-name |
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head插件相当于es的一个管理控制台，可以看到es中节点、数据等内容
访问地址：http://ip:9600/_plugin/head/
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bigdesk插件相当于一个es的监控插件，访问地址http://ip:9200/_plugin/bigdesk/
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essql插件是一个sql插件，你可以使用普通sql语句去访问es里面的数据。
访问地址：http://ip:9200/_plugin/essql/
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es中数据读取有两种方法：一种是通过restful API，一种是通过TransportClient，这里主要介绍第二种方式，效率更高，更易编码。
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下面是一些简单的增删改查的例子。
（具体的ES的Java API请参照官网https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/java-api/current/java-api.html）
public?class?EsIndexTest {
????public?static?Client client;
?
????@Before
????public?void?init() {
????????TransportClient transportClient =?new?TransportClient();
????????Settings settings = ImmutableSettings.settingsBuilder().put("cluster.name",?"test_cluster1").build();
????????transportClient =?new?TransportClient(settings);
????????//这里的端口号要与配置文件中的transport.tcp.port保持一致，否则会出现NoNodeAvailableException
????????client = transportClient.addTransportAddress(new?InetSocketTransportAddress(
????????????????????????"10.19.220.196",?9300));
????}
?
????public?static?DateTimeFormatter dateFormatter = DateTimeFormat.forPattern(
????????????"yyyy-MM-dd‘T‘HH:mm:ss.SSS").withZone(
????????????DateTimeZone.forOffsetHours(8));
?
????public?static?String obj2JsonData() {
????????String jsonData =?null;
????????try?{
????????????// 使用XContentBuilder创建json数据
????????????Date date =?new?Date();
????????????//Gson gson = new Gson();
????????????//System.err.println("date-->" + gson.toJson(date));
????????????XContentBuilder jsonBuilder = XContentFactory.jsonBuilder();
????????????jsonBuilder
????????????????????.startObject()
????????????????????.field("id",?78)
????????????????????.field("name",?"test")
????????????????????.field("funciton", date, dateFormatter)
????????????????????.endObject();
????????????jsonData = jsonBuilder.string();
????????????System.out.println(jsonData);
????????}?catch?(IOException e) {
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}
????????return?jsonData;
????}
?
????@Test
????//创建一个index，并向里面写入json数据
????public?void?createIndexResponse() {
????????String jsonData = obj2JsonData();
????????IndexRequestBuilder ib = client.prepareIndex("bank2",?"account2").setSource(
????????????????jsonData);
????????IndexResponse response = ib.execute().actionGet();
????????// Index name
????????String _index = response.getIndex();
????????System.out.println(_index);
????????// Type name
????????String _type = response.getType();
????????System.out.println(_type);
????????// Document ID (generated or not)
????????String _id = response.getId();
????????System.out.println(_id);
????????// Version (if it‘s the first time you index this document, you will get: 1)
????????long?_version = response.getVersion();
????????System.out.println(_version);
????????// isCreated() is true if the document is a new one, false if it has been updated
????????boolean?created = response.isCreated();
????????System.out.println(created);
????}
?????????@Test
????//更新操作，为既有的index添加一列
????public?void?testUpdateIndex()?throws?IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException{
????????UpdateRequest updateRequest =?new?UpdateRequest("bank2",?"account2",?"AU_04YOqvDFJcKoDMaDT")
????????.doc(XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
????????????.startObject()
????????????????.field("gender",?"male")
????????????.endObject());
????????client.update(updateRequest).get();
????????/*IndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest("bank2", "account2", "2")
????????????.source(XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
????????????.startObject()
????????????????.field("name", "Joe Smith")
????????????????//.field("gender", "male")
????????????.endObject());
????????UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest("bank2", "account2", "2")
????????????.doc(XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
????????????.startObject()
????????????????.field("gender", "female")
????????????.endObject())
????????.upsert(indexRequest);?????????????
????????client.update(updateRequest).get();*/
????}
?????????@Test
????//查询
????public?void?testSearchIndex(){
????????SearchResponse response = client.prepareSearch("bankfortest")
????????????????.setTypes("account")
????????????????.setSearchType(SearchType.DFS_QUERY_THEN_FETCH)
????????????????.setQuery(QueryBuilders.termQuery("lastname",?"fox"))?// Query
????????????????.setFrom(0).setSize(10).setExplain(true).execute().actionGet();
????????SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
????????System.out.println(hits.getTotalHits());
????????for?(int?i =?0; i < hits.getHits().length; i++) {
????????????System.out.println(hits.getHits()[i].getSourceAsString());
????????}
????}
?????@Test
????//删除一条记录
????public?void?testDeleteIndex(){
????????DeleteResponse response = client.prepareDelete("bank1",?"account1",?"AU_02Z00vDFJcKoDMaDS")
????????????????.execute()
????????????????.actionGet();
????}
} |
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原文：http://shensuqiao.iteye.com/blog/2251674