题意:给定二分图,求添加的最多边数,使得添加之后还是二分图
思路:如果原图可以分成X,Y两个点集,那么边数最多为|X||Y|条。由于|X|+|Y|==n,所以需要使|X|与|Y|尽量接近。先对原图进行染色,对每个连通块,求出它的两种颜色的点数差,并且交换染的颜色,染色方案依然成立。不妨设染色0和1,cnt[i]表示颜色为i的点的个数,并假设cnt[1]总是大于等于cnt[0],|X|对应cnt[1],|Y|对应cnt[0],
(1)对于同一个连通块,由于可以改变第一次染的颜色,则有:
cnt[1]-cnt[0] = ±abs(cnt[1]-cnt[0])
(2)对不同连通块,有:
cnt[1]-cnt[0]=Σ±abs(cnt[1]-cnt[0])
左边表示最后的染色为1和0的点数差,也就是|X|-|Y|,右边是一个表达式,值取决于对每一个连通块取的正负情况。于是相当于在一系列正数前面添上正负号,使得最后结果是最小的正数,注意到每个数前面必须添上正号或符号,而所有正数的和是知道的,令为V,同时令第i个正数为Ai,于是转化为以V/2为背包容量、Ai为物品体积、求背包能放满的最大体积,用V减去2倍这个答案就是等号左边的最小值了。|X|-|Y|和|X|+|Y|都出来了,求出|X|、|Y|,|X||Y|-m便是答案。
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/* ******************************************************************************** */#include <iostream>                                                                 //#include <cstdio>                                                                   //#include <cmath>                                                                    //#include <cstdlib>                                                                  //#include <cstring>                                                                  //#include <vector>                                                                   //#include <ctime>                                                                    //#include <deque>                                                                    //#include <queue>                                                                    //#include <algorithm>                                                                //using namespace std;                                                                //                                                                                    //#define pb push_back                                                                //#define mp make_pair                                                                //#define X first                                                                     //#define Y second                                                                    //#define all(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()                                               //#define foreach(i, a) for (typeof(a.begin()) it = a.begin(); it != a.end(); it ++)  //                                                                                    //void RI(vector<int>&a,int n){a.resize(n);for(int i=0;i<n;i++)scanf("%d",&a[i]);}    //void RI(){}void RI(int&X){scanf("%d",&X);}template<typename...R>                    //void RI(int&f,R&...r){RI(f);RI(r...);}void RI(int*p,int*q){int d=p<q?1:-1;          //while(p!=q){scanf("%d",p);p+=d;}}void print(){cout<<endl;}template<typename T>      //void print(const T t){cout<<t<<endl;}template<typename F,typename...R>              //void print(const F f,const R...r){cout<<f<<", ";print(r...);}template<typename T>   //void print(T*p, T*q){int d=p<q?1:-1;while(p!=q){cout<<*p<<", ";p+=d;}cout<<endl;}   //                                                                                    //typedef pair<int, int> pii;                                                         //typedef long long ll;                                                               //typedef unsigned long long ull;                                                     //                                                                                    ///* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */                                                                                    //template<typename T>bool umax(T &a, const T &b) {    return a >= b? false : (a = b, true);}const int maxn = 1e4 + 7;struct Graph {    vector<vector<int> > G;    void clear() { G.clear(); }    void resize(int n) { G.resize(n + 2); }    void add(int u, int v) { G[u].push_back(v); }    vector<int> & operator [] (int u) { return G[u]; }};Graph G;int color[maxn], cnt[3];void dfs(int node, int c) {    color[node] = c;    cnt[c] ++;    for (int i = 0; i < G[node].size(); i ++) {        int v = G[node][i];        if (!color[v]) dfs(v, 3 - c);    }}vector<int> dp;int a[maxn];int get(int n, int v) {    sort(a + 1, a + 1 + n);    dp.clear();    dp.pb(0);    int now = 0, ans = 0;    bool have[12345] = {true};    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {        int sz = dp.size();        for (int j = 0; j < sz; j ++) {            int buf = dp[j] + a[i];            if (buf <= v && !have[buf]) {                if (buf == v) return v;                dp.pb(buf);                have[buf] = true;                umax(ans, buf);            }        }    }    return ans;}int main() {#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE    freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);#endif // ONLINE_JUDGE    int T, n, m;    cin >> T;    while (T --) {        cin >> n >> m;        G.clear();        G.resize(n);        for (int i = 0; i < m; i ++) {            int u, v;            scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);            G.add(u, v);            G.add(v, u);        }        memset(color, 0, sizeof(color));        int t = 0, total = 0;        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {            if (!color[i]) {                cnt[1] = cnt[2] = 0;                dfs(i, 1);                a[++ t] = cnt[1] - cnt[2];                if (a[t] < 0) a[t] = -a[t];                total += a[t];            }        }        int y = total / 2, r = total - 2 * get(t, y);        cout << (n + r) / 2 * (n - r) / 2 - m << endl;    }    return 0;                                                                       //}                                                                                   //                                                                                    //                                                                                    //                                                                                    ///* ******************************************************************************** */ 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原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/jklongint/p/4681718.html